Plato

Question 1

What are the key themes of Plato?

Answer 1

1, Justice according to the Sophists (Protagoras and Thrasymachus)
2. Theory of the soul
3, Division of labour
4, Justice in context
5.Allegory of the cave
6.Role of education
7.Philosophers as rulers

Question 2

What is the main question of Sophists?

Answer 2

Is it truly better ‘to act in accordance with justice in society?

Question 3

How does Protagoras anwser the main question of the sophists?

Answer 3

• Acting justly is taught in society, so living in a particular society will teach you how to be just.
• All people can reach at least a basic level of justice.
• Some people have a greater talent for this and excel Because of their talent, they act even more justly,

Question 4

How does Thrasymachus anwser the main question of the sophists?

Answer 4

• Justice is to the advantage Of the stronger, While weaker people in society just have to abide by justice.
• Injustice is more beneficial

Question 5

How did Socrates redefined justice?

Answer 5

He redefined justice by making it intrinsically valuable. This means that justice is valuable in itself and not when it is used to reach another goal.

Question 6

What is the brief history of Socrates?

Answer 6

Socrates questioned the skill to argue and wanted that people find the truth. He was hated by the authorities and executed in 399 BC after his trial. Socrates was killed for asking philosophical questions. All we know about Socrates is written by his disciples/pupils, among Plato.

Question 7

What is the brieg history of Plato?

Answer 7

Plato lived from 427-347 BCE. He was an aristocrat and an unsuccessful political advisor. He turned away from politics and *went into the real philosophical questions, He wrote 35 dialogues and 13 letters.

Question 8

Plato is the founder of which philosophical school?

Answer 8

The academy

Question 9

What is told in plato’s book the Republic?

Answer 9

book The Republic serves as a blueprint for the Kallipolis, the utopian city-state Socrates describes in the book, a beautiful and idealist state.

Question 10

What is the setting of Politeia book 1?

Answer 10

A religious festival and the city (politics) so, philosophy takes place between religion and politics. Dialogue is the right way to come closer to the truth, “The forceless force of the better argument.”

Question 11

What is the key question asked in Politeia book 1

Answer 11

What is justice

Question 12

What is justice according to Cephalus?

Answer 12

To keep promises, speak the truth, be an honest person

Question 13

What is justice according to Polemarchus?

Answer 13

Harm/punish enemies, benefit/help friends

Question 14

What is justice acording to Thrasymachus?

Answer 14

In interest of the stronger, plus: injustice is beneficial

Question 15

What discusses politeia one further more?

Answer 15

Acknowledging the problem; a reply to Thrasymachus. How can we prove that justice is more/something else ‘than the interest of the strong and injustice is not beneficial for you? The rest of the book is an answer to that.

Question 16

What is in Politeia book two

Answer 16

Deepening the problem of Thrasymachus in politeia one:

Is justice good for its own sake? Or because it is beneficial? Or both?

Question 17

Who wrote Politeia two?

Answer 17

Glaucon & Adeimantus

Question 18

What is the first example in politeia book two?

Answer 18

The story of the Ring of Gyges: the ring makes you an invisible person and then you can do whatever you like. If you have the ring, would everyone abuse it? When they’re not doing it, is it because of the punishment, Or do you think justice is good for its own sake?

Question 19

What is the second example in politeia book two?

Answer 19

Imagine that there is a miserable just man. He is put into prison. Is this man better off than an unjust person that is not?

The way towards a solution: first, study justice on a big scale in the state city within speech), then in the soul (back to the individual person). First, you need to know what a just state is, then you can know what a just person is

Question 20

How does plato see rulling?

Answer 20

The people who vote, aren’t trained in ruling, so it is stupid that everyone can vote.

The character of the state depends on the character (soul) of its rulers and vice versa. If liberal democracy is the best type of regime, then according to Plato the rulers of liberal democracy should be the best type of rulers. Or is the system much better than our rulers? is this true? Do you see a connection between the system and its rulers? It is a crucial idea.

Question 21

In what three parts did Plato divided the book Soul?

Answer 21

• Rational
• Spirited (bravery)
• Desiring

Question 22

How is justice portrayed in the book Soul?

Answer 22

Justice was understood as having self-discipline and letting “the rational part govern ‘the soul’

Question 23

How is the tripartite of the soul reflected in real life

Answer 23

In the division of labour

Question 24

Who are the rational people?

Answer 24

The philosophers who were supposed to rule over the city.

composed by:

• Selection and breeding
• Education and training

Question 25

Who are the spirited people?

Answer 25

The guardians, mostly soldiers. whom who protected and defended the city.

Question 26

Who are the desiring people?

Answer 26

formed the lowest class and had mainly an economic function, having to produce goods.

Question 27

How does the state pyramid look like?

Answer 27

1. Rules
2. Auxilaries
3. workers

= Harmony

Question 28

how does the Virtues pyramid look like?

Answer 28

1. Rulers rule by guidece by PRUDENCE
   practical wisdom and reason.
2. Auxiliaries (warriors)driven by will power, courage and spirit (thymos)
3. Workers are driven by temperance and desires

= Justice

Question 29

How is the perfect city ruled?

Answer 29

Kallipolis is ruled by arstocracy (commom good)

Question 30

How does plato’s tier list of rulling systems look like?

Answer 30

A. Aristocray, driven by wisdom
B. Timocracy, driven by Honor (wealthy fuckers)
C. Oligarchy, driven by Money
D Democracy, driven by pleasures
E. Tyranny, driven by selfishness

Question 31

What are the three virtues of democracy according to Plato?

Answer 31

Liberty, diversity and equality

Question 31

What are the three virtues of democracy according to Plato?

Answer 31

Liberty, diversity and equality

Question 32

How does plato view the democratic man?

Answer 32

Dominated by two ideas: freedom and equality

A man spending his money and labour and time on unnecessary pleasures quite as much as on necessary ones.

Question 33

What are three conclusion of platos fourth book?

Answer 33

1. Tyrant is most unhappy. The more just a ruler, the happier.
2. Among lovers of wisdom, honor, and money, only the first one can judge the other two and hence must be believed.
3. Rule of reason gives pleasure to all parts of the soul (and of the state), while the alternatives do not