Aquinas

Question 1

What is disputation?

Answer 1

A student was asked to have a statement, other students and teachers could attack the statement and the first student could say his counterarguments

Question 2

How does Aquinas saw the world?

Answer 2

Aquinas saw the world like theology on top, strengthened by philosophy, and then the social and practical sciences.

Question 3

Where did Aquinas got his inpsaration from?

Answer 3

Aristotle (basis) + Augustine (Christian part)

Question 4

What are the two levels of reality?

Answer 4

• Natural + supernatural
• Reason + revelation

Question 5

What is the natural + supernatural level of reality?

Answer 5

level of common life and religion; the two are connected and distinguished at the same time

Question 6

What is the reason + revelation level of reality?

Answer 6

by wisdom people can come to their own reason and What the bible says

Question 7

What are the two type of virtues accoridng to Aquinas?

Answer 7

• Cardinal Virtues
• THeological virtues

Question 8

What are Cardinal virtues?

Answer 8

justice, temperance, courage, and prudence (voorzichtigheid)

Question 9

What are Theological virtues?

Answer 9

faith, hope, and charity/love

Question 10

What is Gratia naturam non tollit, sed perfecit?

Answer 10

Faith does not take away nature, but perfects it.

Question 11

What are Aquinas four types of law?

Answer 11

1. Eternal law
   2a Natural law
   2b Divine law
   3 Human law

Question 12

What is enternal law?

Answer 12

God’s plan with the world, hidden for the people

Question 13

What is natural law?

Answer 13

law moral law that is written on the heart of every person; do not break your promises

Question 14

What is Divine law?

Answer 14

needs to be in sync with the natural law

Divine laws are those that God has, in His grace, seen fit to give us and are those “mysteries”, those rules given by God which we find in scripture; for example, the ten commandments

Question 15

What is human law?

Answer 15

Law in the law books, it is unjust than the natural law. It manages sins

Question 16

What is law?

Answer 16

Law is “a certain ordinance of reason for the common good, made by him hho has care of the community with competent reason and promulgated

Question 17

What is Aquinas law scheme?

Answer 17

‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ God
/ \
/ \
/ \
Hidden: The eternal law Relevation: devine law
| |
| |
| |
v |
Reason: natural law |
(first secundary principles) |
| |
| |
\ /
\ /
\ /
\ /
Human Law
^
|
v
Sin

Question 18

What is the doctrine of the two swords (gelasius) or also known as the two kingdoms.

Answer 18

temporal power (by kings) and spiritual power (by the church). Church and state are distinct yet (hierarchically) related. In the past the pope was above the emperor; keep the two apart.

NO theocracy the church stays out Of politics

No neutralism/secularisrn state helps to protect religion

Question 19

Does law law applies to reason?

Answer 19

All acts of humans are ruled and measured by Reason. This is because Reason is the first principle when it comes to action in general, An example is that the first movement is the rule and measure of all movements, every movement comes forth from that first movement. This means that law also applies to Reason

Question 20

Is law directed to the common good>

Answer 20

Aquinas writes that the end goal of human life is happiness and that all actions that come forth from Reason are helpful in the pursuit of happiness. Because human beings are a part of mankind, the law should take universal happiness into account.

Question 20

Is law directed to the common good>

Answer 20

Aquinas writes that the end goal of human life is happiness and that all actions that come forth from Reason are helpful in the pursuit of happiness. Because human beings are a part of mankind, the law should take universal happiness into account.

Question 21

Is mankind is competent enough to make laws?

Answer 21

Yes, becasue Aquinas argues that law can be made by either the whole community or someone who represents this community. This is because the end (happiness) is belonging to everyone and therefore the reaching of this end also is of concern to everyone.

Question 22

Is promulugation (bekendmaking) essential to law?

Answer 22

Aquinas says that it is necessary for a law to gain power because the law is a rule and measure applicable to those who live under the law.