Platinum containing medications

Question 1

What is the MOA of platins ?

Answer 1

Platins are cell cycle non-specific agents which act by attaching to the number 7 nitrogen atom of the two adjacent guanines and creates intra- strand cross-bridges. This leads to inhibition of DNA repair and replication leading to cell death.

Question 2

What are the commonly used platinum containing agents ?

Answer 2

Cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaloplatin. which are administered IV and renaly eliminated.

Question 3

What are the indications for cisplatin and carboplatin ?

Answer 3

For the treatment of solid tumours and osteosarcoma.

Question 4

What are the indications for oxaloplatin?

Answer 4

It is indicated for the Tx of advanced colon cancer, hepato-billiary, pancreatic, ovarian cancer, and lymphomas.

Question 5

What are the side effects of platins ?

Answer 5

*GI disturbances
* Nephrotoxicity
* Neuotoxic peripheral neuropathy
* Ototoxicity causing tinitus.
* Allergic reactions and mild bone marrow suppression.

Question 6

what is the prophylaxis for Platin induced nausea and emesis ?

Answer 6

5-HT3R antagonist Odansterone.

Question 7

What is the prophylaxis for platin induced nephrotoxicity ?

Answer 7

• Hydration and osmotic diuresis using manitol.
• ROS scavenger Amifostin can also be used to prevent renal damage.

Question 8

Which is the platin that causes most severe nephrotoxic and neurotoxic side effects ?

Answer 8

Cisplatin

Question 9

What is the main side effect of Carboplatin ?

Answer 9

Bone marrow suppression.

Question 10

Which is the platin with minimal side effects ?

Answer 10

Oxaloplatin.