Plates Flashcards

Done

1
Q

Name the layers of the Earth from inner to outer

A

Core(Inner core, Outer core), Mantle(Lower Mantle, Asthenosphere, Moho), Crust

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2
Q

What is differentiation?

A

When Earth was still molten, the material sorted by density and when it cooled it formed layers.

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3
Q

Describe the inner core

A

The inner core is solid due to pressure. It is made of mostly iron and nickel.

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4
Q

Describe the outer core

A

The outer core is liquid. It is mainly made of iron and nickel.

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5
Q

Describe the moho

A

The moho is a rigid boundary layer between the rest of the mantle and the crust.

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6
Q

Describe the asthenosphere

A

The asthenosphere is a solid layer that flows (kind of like putty)

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7
Q

Describe the mantle

A

The mantle consists of the moho, lower mantle, and asthenosphere. It is made up primarily of Magnesium, Nickel, and Iron.

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8
Q

Describe the crust

A

The crust is made up of oxygen, silicone, and aluminium. There is a continental crust and oceanic crust.

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9
Q

What is the lithosphere?

A

The lithosphere is made of the crust and moho

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10
Q

Which layer of the earth is densest?

A

The inner core

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11
Q

Which layer of the core is the thinnest?

A

The crust

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12
Q

Which layer of the earth is the thickest?

A

The mantle.

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13
Q

Who created the continental drift theory?

A

Alfred Wegner

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14
Q

What is the Continental Drift Theory?

A

The continents were once connected. This super continent was called Pangaea. The continents moved by plowing across the sea floor.

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15
Q

Provide evidence for the continental drift theory

A

Continental shelves line up (they fit like a puzzle), climate evidence (coal, glacial deposits), matching rock types/ages of mountains, fossils match

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16
Q

Who created the seafloor spreading theory?

A

Harry Hess

17
Q

What is the seafloor spreading theory?

A

The seafloor spreading theory states that at mid-ocean ridges new seafloor is created and old sea floor sinks into the earth at trenches.

18
Q

Provide evidence for the seafloor spreading theory:

A

Rocks get older further away from ridges; the oldest rock is near trenches. Also, the symmetric pattern of magnetic reversals on either side of ridges.

19
Q

Who created the plate tectonics theory?

A

Vine and Matthews

20
Q

What is the plate tectonics theory?

A

The lithosphere is broken into plates that move on top of the asthenopshere by convection currents.

21
Q

Provide evidence for the plate tectonics theory:

A

Volcanoes, earthquakes, mountains, mid-ocean ridges, faults, trenches

22
Q

What is the microplates/suspect terraces theory?

A

Smaller plates collide to create the plates we know.

23
Q

Provide evidence for the suspect terranes theory:

A

Some ancient faults have completely different rock on either side.

24
Q

How and why do plates move?

A

Convection in the asthenosphere drags the plates in directions. The reason these currents exist is because of the heat in the core.

25
Q

What movement is associated with divergent boundaries?

A

At divergent boundaries, currents rise and seperate.

26
Q

What movement is associated with convergent boundaries?

A

At convergent boundaries, currents sink and come together.

27
Q

What happens to earthquake depth at subduction zones?

A

As one plate slips under another, the earthquakes get deeper and deeper.

28
Q

Why is the core so hot?

A

Radioactive decay, pressure, and leftover heat from earth’s formation.

29
Q

What features are associated with continental-continental convergent boundaries?

A

Mountains, shallow earthquakes, folded mountains, and no volcanic activity.

30
Q

What features are associated with continental-oceanic convergent boundaries?

A

Volcanoes, trenches, shallow and deep earthquakes, old oceanic crust destroyed, and subduction zones.

31
Q

What features are associated with divergent boundaries?

A

Volcanoes, shallow earthquakes, new oceanic- crust, rift valleys,
mid-ocean ridges, and sea floor spreading

32
Q

What features are associated with oceanic-oceanic convergent boundaries?

A

Volcanoes, trenches, shallow and deep earthquakes, old oceanic crust destroyed,
volcanic island arc, and
subduction zones

33
Q

What features are associated with transform boundaries?

A

Shallow earthquakes, transform faults, and no volcanic activity.