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Hematology 2 (Laboratory) > Platelet Count (M) > Flashcards

Platelet Count (M) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of PLT ct?

A

Measures the quantity of PLTs in 1 uL of blood

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2
Q

What is the method of collection if capillary blood will be used for PLT ct?

A

It will be collected through skin puncture

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3
Q

What is the method of collection if whole blood will be used for PLT ct?

A

Blood will be collected in a plastic syringe immediately w/ EDTA

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4
Q

What is the normal value of PLT ct in CU?

A

150,000 /uL

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5
Q

What is the normal value of PLT ct in SI unit?

A

150 X 10^9 /L

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6
Q

What are the indirect methods of PLT ct?

A

1) Dameshek’s method
2) Fonio’s method
3) Olef’s method

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7
Q

What is the stain used in Dameshek’s method?

A

Brilliant cresyl blue

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8
Q

What is the diluting fluid used in Dameshek’s method (including its ratio)?

A

Na citrate, distilled H2O, formalin and sucrose

1:5 composed of stain

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9
Q

How are RBCs and PLTs counted in Dameshek’s method?

A

RBCs and PLTs are simultaneously counted

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10
Q

What are the normal values (w/ corresponding interpretation) in Dameshek’s method?

A

< 150,000 /uL: decreased
150,000 - 400,000 /uL: normal
> 400,000 /uL: increased

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11
Q

What is the formula used for Dameshek’s method?

A

RBC ct X counted PLTs in 250 RBC

divide to 1000

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12
Q

What is the process (or steps) in Dameshek’s method?

A

1) Place a drop of diluting fluid. Gently press the finger so that the small amt of blood will mix w/ the diluting fluid.
2) Transfer the mixture into a coverslip and place it on top of a slide. Allow the PLTs to settle for 15 - 45 mins
3) Ct the # of PLTs in light microscope OIO until 250 RBCs have been counted
4) Complete for the PLT ct using the # of PLTs counted and RBC ct

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13
Q

What is the time duration of allowing PLTs to settle in Dameshek’s method?

A

15 - 45 mins

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14
Q

When will the counting of PLTs stop in Dameshek’s method?

A

Count the # of PLTs in light microscope OIO until 250 RBCs have been counted

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15
Q

What are the stains used in Fonio’s method?

A

1) Giemsa stain

2) Wright’s stain

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16
Q

What is the diluting fluid used (including its diluting factor) in Fonio’s method?

A

14 % MgSO4

1:5

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17
Q

How are RBCs and PLTs counted in Fonio’s method?

A

RBCs and PLTs are simultaneously counted

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18
Q

What are the normal values (w/ corresponding interpretations) in Fonio’s method?

A

< 150,000 /uL: decreased
150,000 - 400,000 /uL: normal
> 400,000 /uL: increased

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19
Q

What is the process (or steps) of Fonio’s method?

A

1) Place a drop of diluting fluid. Gently press the finger so that the small amt of blood will mix w/ the diluting fluid
2) Make a blood smear using that mixture. Allow the smear to dry
3) Apply staining fluid to the dried smear
4) Ct the # of PLTs in light microscope OIO until 1000 RBCs have been counted. No computation is needed

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20
Q

When will the counting of PLTs stop in Fonio’s method?

A

Ct the # of PLTs in light microscope OIO until 1000 RBCs have been counted

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21
Q

What is the formula for Fonio’s method?

A

None, because no computation is needed

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22
Q

What is the stain used in Olef’s method?

A

CV

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23
Q

What is the diluting fluid used in Olef’s method?

A

None

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24
Q

Olef’s method is considered as what?

A

It is considered as the best indirect method

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25
What are the normal interpretations (w/ corresponding interpretations) in Olef's method?
> 1 platelet/OIF: decreased 5 - 20 platelets/OIF: normal < 25 platelets/OIF: increased
26
What is the formula used for Olef's method?
counted PLTs in 10 fields / 10
27
What is the process (or steps) in Olef's method?
1) Collect blood sx thru veni and mix it w/ EDTA anticoagulant 2) Make a blood smear using a drop of blood sx. Allow the smear to dry 3) Apply staining fluid to the dried smear 4) Ct the # of PLTs in light microscope OIO until 10 fields are counted. Determine the ct by dividing it to 10
28
When will counting of PLTs stop in Olef's method?
Ct the # of PLTs in light microscope OIO until 10 fields are counted
29
How to determine the PLT ct in Olef's method?
Divide the ct to 10
30
What is the sx used in Dameshek's method?
Capillary blood
31
What is the sx used in Fonio's method?
Capillary blood
32
What is the sx used in Olef's method?
Venous blood
33
What are the direct methods of PLT ct?
1) Rees and Ecker Method 2) Guy and Leake Method 3) Ammonium Oxalate Method 4) Brecker-Cronkite Method
34
What are the 2 types of pipette?
1) RBC pipette | 2) WBC pipette
35
What are the components of RBC pipette?
1) Rubber tube 2) Bulb 3) Bead (red) 4) Mouth piece (red?) 5) Stem 6) Capillary bore 7) Conical tip
36
What are the components of WBC pipette?
1) Rubber tube 2) Bulb 3) Bead (white) 4) Mouth piece (white?) 5) Stem 6) Capillary bore 7) Conical tip
37
What is the purpose of pipette shaker?
To shake the pipette (for mixing)
38
What is the highest graduation of RBC pipette?
10
39
What is the highest graduation of WBC pipette?
11
40
What is the stain used in Rees and Ecker Method?
Brilliant cresyl blue
41
What is the diluting fluid used (w/ df) in Rees and Ecker Method?
Stain, Na citrate, formalin 1:200 composed of stain
42
How are PLTs counted in Rees and Ecker Method?
PLTs are counted using a counting chamber
43
PLTs stains what color in Rees and Ecker Method?
PLTs stain light blue
44
What are the normal values (w/ corresponding interpretations) in Rees and Ecker Method?
< 150,000 /uL: decreased 150,000 - 400,000 /uL: normal > 400,000 /uL: increased
45
What is the formula (long method) in Rees and Ecker Method?
counted PLTs / (1) (1/10) (1/200)
46
What is the formula (short method) in Rees and Ecker Method?
counted PLTs X 2,000
47
What is the process (or steps) in Rees and Ecker Method?
1) Collect blood sx thru veni and mix it w/ EDTA anticoagulant. Draw blood up to 0.5 mark of the RBC pipette 2) Add diluting fluid up to the 101 mark of the RBC pipette to make 1:200 dilution. Shake the pipette for 1 - 5 mins. Discard 5 - 6 drops 3) Charge the counting chamber and place it on a petri dish w/ a wet filter paper. Let it stand for 10 - 15 mins 4) Under light microscope HPO, ct the PLTs in all 25 small squares of the central large square w/ 1 mm^2 area
48
The diluting fluid is added up to what mark of RBC pipette in Rees and Ecker Method?
101 mark
49
What is the purpose of adding the diluting fluid up to the 101 mark of the RBC pipette?
To make 1:200 dilution
50
How many mins should the pipette (RBC) be shaken in Rees and Ecker Method?
1 - 5 mins
51
How many drops should be discarded in Rees and Ecker Method?
5 - 6 drops
52
How many mins should the counting chamber stand on a petri dish w/ a wet filter paper?
For 10 - 15 mins
53
What is the obj used in counting the PLTs?
HPO
54
What is the stain used in Guy and Leake Method?
CV
55
What is the diluting fluid used (including df) in Guy and Leake Method?
Stain, Na citrate, formalin 1:200 composed of stain
56
How are PLTs counted in Guy and Leake Method?
PLTs are counted using a counting chamber
57
PLTs stain what color in Guy and Leake Method?
PLTs stain liliac
58
What are the normal values (w/ corresponding interpretations) in Guy and Leake Method?
< 150,000 /uL: decreased 150,000 - 400,000 /uL: normal > 400,000 /uL: increased
59
What is the formula (long method) used in Guy and Leake Method?
counted PLTs / (1) (1/10) (1/200)
60
What is the formula (short method) used in Guy and Leake Method?
counted PLTs X 2,000
61
What is the process (or steps) of Guy and Leake Method?
1) Collect blood sx thru veni and mix it w/ EDTA anticoagulant. Draw blood up to 0.5 mark of the RBC pipette 2) Add diluting fluid up to the 101 mark of the RBC pipette to make 1:200 dilution. Shake the pipette for 1 - 5 mins. Discard 5 - 6 drops 3) Charge the counting chamber and place it on a petri dish w/ a wet filter paper. Let it stand for 10 - 15 mins 4) Under light microscope HPO, ct the PLTs in all 25 small squares of the central large square w/ 1 mm^2 area
62
Blood should be drawn up to what mark of the RBC pipette in Guy and Leake Method?
Draw blood up to 0.5 mark
63
The diluting fluid should be added up to what mark of the RBC pipette in Guy and Leake Method?
Up to the 101 mark
64
What is the purpose of adding diluting fluid up to the 101 mark if the RBC pipette in Guy and Leake Method?
To make 1:200 dilution
65
How long should the pipette be shaken in Guy and Leake Method?
For 1 - 5 mins
66
How many drops should be discarded in Guy and Leake Method?
5 - 6 drops
67
How long should the counting chamber stand on a petri dish w/ a wet filter paper?
10 - 15 mins
68
What is the stain used in Ammonium Oxalate Method?
None
69
What is the diluting fluid used (including df) in Ammonium Oxalate Method?
1 % NH4 oxalate 1:100
70
How are PLTs counted in Ammonium Oxalate Method?
PLTs are counted using a counting chamber
71
PLTs stain and appear what in Ammonium Oxalate Method?
PLTs stain colorless and appear as refractile bodies
72
What are the normal values (w/ corresponding interpretations) in Ammonium Oxalate Method?
< 150,000 /uL: decreased 150,000 - 400,000 /uL: normal > 400,000 /uL: increased
73
What is the formula (long method) used in Ammonium Oxalate Method?
counted PLTs / (1) (1/10) (1/100)
74
What is the formula (short method) used in Ammonium Oxalate Method?
counted PLTs X 1,000
75
What is the process (or steps) in Ammonium Oxalate Method?
1) Collect blood sx thru veni and mix it w/ EDTA anticoagulant. Draw blood up to 1.0 mark of the RBC pipette 2) Add diluting fluid up to the 101 mark of the RBC pipette to make 1:100 dilution. Shake the pipette for 1 - 5 mins. Discard 5 - 6 drops 3) Charge the counting chamber and place it on a petri dish w/ a wet filter paper. Let it stand for 10 - 15 mins 4) Under light microscope HPO, ct the PLTs in all 25 small squares of the central large square w/ 1 mm^2 area
76
Blood should be drawn up to what mark of the RBC pipette in Ammonium Oxalate Method?
Draw blood up to 1.0 mark
77
Diluting fluid should be added up to what mark of the RBC pipette?
Up to the 101 mark
78
What is the purpose of addition of diluting fluid up to the 101 mark of the RBC pipette?
To make 1:100 dilution
79
How long should the pipette be shaken in Ammonium Oxalate Method?
For 1 - 5 mins
80
How many drops should be discarded in Ammonium Oxalate Method?
5 - 6 drops
81
How long should the counting chamber stand on a petri dish w/ a wet filter paper?
For 10 - 15 mins
82
What is the stain used in Brecker-Cronkite Method?
None
83
What is the diluting fluid used (including df) in Brecker-Cronkite Method?
1:100 composed of NH4 oxalate and distilled H2O
84
How are PLTs counted in Brecker-Cronkite Method?
PLTs are counted using a counting chamber
85
PLTs appear what in Brecker-Cronkite Method?
PLTs appear display light purple sheen
86
What are the normal values (w/ corresponding interpretations) in Brecker-Cronkite Method?
< 150,000 /uL: decreased 150,000 - 400,000 /uL: normal > 400,000 /uL: increased
87
What is the formula (long method) used in Brecker-Cronkite Method?
counted PLTs / (1) (1/10) (1/100)
88
What is the formula (short method) used in Brecker-Cronkite Method?
counted PLTs X 1,000
89
What is the process (or steps) of Brecker-Cronkite Method?
1) Collect blood sx thru veni and mix it w/ EDTA anticoagulant. Draw blood up to 1.0 mark of the RBC pipette 2) Add diluting fluid up to the 101 mark of the RBC pipette to make 1:100 dilution. Shake the pipette for 1 - 5 mins. Discard 5 - 6 drops 3) Charge the counting chamber and place it on a petri dish w/ a wet filter paper. Let it stand for 10 - 15 mins 4) Under phase contrast microscope HPO, ct the PLTs in all 25 small squares of the central large square w/ 1 mm^2 area
90
Blood should be drawn up to what mark of RBC pipette in Brecker-Cronkite Method?
Draw blood up to 1.0 mark
91
Diluting fluid should be added up to what mark of the RBC pipette?
Add diluting fluid up to the 101 mark
92
What is the purpose of adding diluting fluid up to the 101 mark of the RBC pipette?
To make 1:100 dilution
93
The pipette should be shaken for how long in Brecker-Cronkite Method?
Shake the pipette for 1 - 5 mins
94
How many drops should be discarded in Brecker-Cronkite Method?
5 - 6 drops
95
How long should the counting chamber stand on a petri dish w/ a wet filter paper?
10 - 15 mins
96
What is the microscope used in Brecker-Cronkite Method?
Phase contrast microscope
97
What is the obj used in Brecker-Cronkite Method?
HPO
98
What is the sx used in Brecker-Cronkite Method?
Venous blood
99
What is the sx used in Ammonium Oxalate Method?
Venous blood
100
What is the microscope used in Ammonium Oxalate Method?
Light microscope
101
What is obj used in Ammonium Oxalate Method?
HPO
102
What is the sx used in Guy and Leake Method?
Venous blood
103
What is the microscope used in Guy and Leake Method?
Light microscope
104
What is the obj used in Guy and Leake Method?
HPO
105
What is the sx used in Rees and Ecker Method?
Venous blood
106
What is the microscope used in Rees and Ecker Method?
Light microscope
107
What is the obj used in Rees and Ecker Method?
HPO
108
What is anticoagulant used for both direct and indirect methods of PLT counting (if venous blood is the sx used)?
EDTA
109
What are the causes of decreased PLT ct?
1) Bernard-Soulier syndrome 2) Immune thrombocytopenic purpuras 3) Neonatal thrombocytopenias 4) Disseminated intravascular coagulation 5) Bacterial and viral infections 6) Bone marrow infiltration 7) Gestational thrombocytopenia 8) Drug-induced thrombocytopenia 9) Hemolytic uremic syndrome 10) Splenomegaly
110
What are the causes of increased PLT ct?
1) Essential thrombocytopenia 2) Myeloproliferative neoplasms 3) Acute hemorrhage 4) Rebound thrombocytosis 5) Exercise-induced thrombocytosis 6) Inflammatory diseases 7) Post-splenectomy
111
What are the diff sources of errors (of PLT ct) w/ corresponding resolution?
1) Poor sx collection -> follow required # of inversions 2) Inadequate mixing of diluting fluid and blood -> use a pipette shaker to evenly mix the diluting fluid and blood 3) Dirt in the pipette, hemocytometer, cover slip -> wash the pipette and hemocytometer well; use a new cover slip 4) Contaminants in diluting fluid -> filter diluting fluid before using; prepare a new diluting fluid if macroscopic contaminants are seen 5) Blood is not rapidly diluted -> immediately mix the diluting fluid and blood sx 6) PLT satellitosis -> use Na citrate instead of EDTA; multiple PLT ct by 1.1 to correct

Hematology 2 (Laboratory) (10 decks)

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