Plate tectonics and Volcanoes Flashcards
subduction is the sinking of an ___________ beneath a plate of lesser density at a _________.
subduction zone:
oceanic plate, convergent boundary, a convergent boundary where oceanic lithosphere is forced down into the asthenosphere under the less dense tectonic plate
convergent boundary
divergent boundary
transform boundary
a tectonic plate boundary at which two tectonic plates move toward eachother causing collisions and subduction zones
a tectonic plate boundary at which two tectonic plates move away from each other
a tectonic plate boundary along which plates slide horizontally past one another in opposite directions
rift valley
rift zone
seafloor spreading
a tectonic valley that forms by extensional stress which causes fracturing and the formation of normal faults
a divergent boundary where the crust is pulled apart
process by which new oceanic lithosphere forms at mid ocean ridges as tectonic plates pull away from each othere
_________ is a curved chain of volcanic islands created by volcanism as a result of the subduction of an ________________ usually running parallel to a ______________
________ a mountain formed by large scale folding and uplift
__________ a mountain that forms along normal faults due to the tilting, uplift, or dropping of large pieces of crust
volcanic arc, oceanic plate, deep sea trench, folded mountain, fault-block mountain
supercontinent cycle ___________-
the cycle of convergence and divergence of continents; the cycle of creation and break up of supercontinents.
What is formed?
Convergence
Oceanic oceanic ________
Oceanic continental ________
continental continental _________-
deep sea trench and the more dense plate subduct
volcano, oceanic conducts which causes the magma to get pushed up
fold and thrust mountains; plates collide
What is formed?
Divergence
Oceanic oceanic ________
Oceanic continental ________
continental continental _________-
mid ocean ridge, submarine mountain chains which are shield volcanoes
none
normal fault, rift valley
mid ocean ridge ___________
_________ a dip-slip fault in which the block above the fault has moved downward relative to the block below
system of a series of volcanoes and fissures that form along a spreading center at a divergent boundary
normal fault
What is formed?
Transfrom
Oceanic oceanic ________
Oceanic continental ________
continental continental _________-
all make strike slip fault
ridge push:
basal pull/slab pull
gravitational forces acting on young, raised oceanic lithosphere. Magma rises as plates move apart
denser plate sinks as an influence of gravity; as a slab sinks, it pulls ont he rest of the plate with a force called slab pull
Transform plate movement is not continuous; stress builds up and is ______________.
released in breaks
volcano
hotspot
a mountain formed by extrusion and acculmulation of lava and pyroclasitc material
an unusually hot, stationary point below the lithosphere where melting of the mantle and crust generates volcanism at Earth’s surface
___________ large gently sloped volcanoes that results from the eruption of basaltic lava; low viscosity
________ large, steep mountains w a cone shape that are formed by alternating layers of intermediate lava; high viscosity
________ smaller in comparison to other volcanoes composed of steep cones of pyrcoclastic material, found in groups; low viscosity
________ volcane collapses, extremely explosive; high viscosity;
shield
composite
cinder cones
caldera
eruptions can either be
________ or ____________
explosive, calmer with a gentle flow of material
Magma can melt through
__________ and __________
decompression melting, flux melting
