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Geography (Hazards) > Plate Tectonics > Flashcards

Plate Tectonics Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Alfred wegner propose?

A

Single continent Pangea

Continental drift

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2
Q

Explain geological evidence for continental drift

A

South America and west Africa shape fits

Carboniferous glaciation deposits in South America Antarctica and India

Striations on rocks in west Africa and Brazil

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3
Q

Explain biological evidence for continental drift

A

Fossil brachiopods found in Indian limestone and Australia

Fossil remains of a reptile in southern America and South Africa - unlikely it could have migrated across the Atlantic not suited to swim

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4
Q

What is the idea of paleomagnitism and sea floor spreading?

A

Rocks near ridge are younger than away
Alternating polarity of rocks is mirrored of magnetic stripes

When volcanos erupt lava solifked and particles left behind

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5
Q

What is ridge push? What’s this also known as?

A

At constructive plate, diverging plate is more buoyant
Ocean ridge can rise up to 3 m
In opposition, gravity pulls plate down and away

Gravitational sliding

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6
Q

What is slab pull?

A

Cooler denser oceanic plate is pulled to the mantle

Gravity pulls it down

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7
Q

What is the destructive collision? And name an example

A

When plates collide and one is destructed

Indian and Eurasian

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8
Q

What is the destructive subduction?

A

Oceanic plate forced under continental plate and is destroyed

Nazca plate subduction South America plate

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9
Q

What is the conservative plate boundary?

A

When plates slide next to each other

San Andreas fault

Pacific and north American plate

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10
Q

What is the constructive plate boundary?

A

Plate pull apart to make ridge

North America and Eurasian

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11
Q

What is the core made from?

A

Dense rocks containing nickel and iron alloys

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12
Q

What is the inner core?

A

Solid

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13
Q

What is the outer core?

A

Molten / liquid

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14
Q

What is the temperature of the core?

A

More than 5000

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15
Q

What is the heat energy from the core? (2) and what do they mean

A

Primordial left over from earth formation

Radiogenic by radioactive decay of isotopes

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16
Q

What is the mantel made from

A

Molten and semi molten rocks

17
Q

What is the temperatures of the mantle

A

4000 near core

1000 near crust

18
Q

What is the lithosphere? And the characteristics (3)

A

Crust and upper mantle
80-90km thick
Divided into 7 large plates and lots of smaller ones

19
Q

What is the asthenosphere and what do plates do here

A

Semi molten rock below lithosphere

Plates float and move

20
Q

What is the difference between continental and oceanic crust?

A

Continental is thicker and less dense than oceanic

And much older

21
Q

What is an ocean ridge and what plate boundary is it found at

A

Underwater mountain system
Formed when plates move apart
Constructive

22
Q

What is a Rift Valley and what plate boundary is it found at?

A

Plates love apart and land drops to form deep trench called a graven and land either side is called a graben
Constructive

23
Q

What is a shield volcano and what plate boundary is it found at?

A

Flat sides volcano, runny lava, gentle eruptions

Constructive

24
Q

What is an ocean trench and what plate boundary is it found at?

A

Occurs through subduction
Oceanic plate forms a trench as it subducts

Destructive

25
Q

What is island arcs and what plate boundary is it found at?

A

Oceanic plate melts when it subducts and begins to rise to surface
Forms composite volcano
If it erupts off shore volcanic islands are formed
Chain of volcanos arc shaped

Destructive

26
Q

What is a young fold mountainand what plate boundary is it found at?

A

Plates forced together
Edges and sediments are forced into fold. Mountains

The Effects of folding layers within upper crust

Destructive

27
Q

Explain the concept of hotspots

A

Radioactive decay in the inner core becomes concentrated
Creates localised thermal currents when plumes rise vertically and burns the crust

The plume is stationary but the plate moves ( e.g. In Hawaii the Pacific plate moves)

Geography (Hazards) (4 decks)

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