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Geography > Plate Tectonics > Flashcards

Plate Tectonics Flashcards

1
Q

How deep is the inner core?

A

1200km

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2
Q

How deep is the outer core?

A

2250km

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3
Q

How thick is the mantle?

A

2900km

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4
Q

How thick is continental crust?

A

30-70km

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5
Q

How thick is the oceanic crust?

A

6-10km

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6
Q

How many main plate tectonic plates are there in total?

A

12

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7
Q

What is the Moho discontinuity?

A

The boundary between lithosphere and rest of the upper mantle where seismic waves change velocity

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8
Q

What year was Alfred wegners continental drift theory proposed?

A

1912

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9
Q

What year was Ewing, Hess, vine and Matthews evidence found?

A

Ewing = 1948
Hess = 1962
Vine and Matthews = 1963

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10
Q

What two plates form the mid Atlantic ridge?

A

North American and Eurasian plate

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11
Q

How long is the Hawaiian island arc?

A

1,600 miles

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12
Q

How many major islands does the Hawaiian island arc consist of?

A

5

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13
Q

What is the name of the new shield volcano which is part of the Hawaiian island arc?

A

Lo’ihi

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14
Q

What date was the earthquake in L’Aquila?

A

6th April 2009

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15
Q

What two plates caused the L’Aquila?

A

African and Eurasian

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16
Q

What was the L’Aquila earthquake on the Richter scale?

A

6.3

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17
Q

How many death did the L’Aquila quake cause?

A

290

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18
Q

How many were left injured after the L’Aquila quake?

A

1,500

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19
Q

How many students were left with no access to university after the L’Aquila quake?

A

28,000

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20
Q

How many were left homeless after the L’Aquila quake?

A

58,000

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21
Q

How many buildings were damaged in the L’Aquila quake?

A

11,000 including San massimo cathedral and university dorms

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22
Q

How many volunteers helped with the L’Aquila quake aftermath?

A

11,000

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23
Q

How many ambulances were rotating after the L’Aquila quake?

A

36

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24
Q

What was the Hati quake on the Richter scale?

A

7

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25
Q

What date was the Hati quake?

A

12 Jan 2010

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26
Q

How many people live in poverty in Hati ?

A

80% of total population

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27
Q

How long did the quake last in Hati?

A

1 minute

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28
Q

How many aftershocks were felt after the Hati quake?

A

52 measuring 4.5 or greater

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29
Q

How many people died in the Hati quake?

A

316,000

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30
Q

How many houses were destroyed in the Hati quake?

A

105,000

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31
Q

How many people were made homeless in the Hati quake?

A

1.3 million

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32
Q

How many jobs were lost due to the Hati quake?

A

1/5

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33
Q

How much did GPD shrink by after the Hati quake?

A

5%

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34
Q

What two plates caused the Hati quake?

A

North American and Caribbean

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35
Q

How many people were in aid camps after the hair quake?

A

810,000

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36
Q

How many health experts did WHO send to Hati after the quake?

A

12

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37
Q

How much money did the EU give to Hati for food and work projects after the quake?

A

€330million

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38
Q

Since the quake how many new houses have been build in Hati?

A

1,200 but 3,000 planned

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39
Q

How many people were given information on natural disasters after the Hati quake?

A

116,000

40
Q

Were chaiten volcano located?

A

Peru chile subduction zone. Plates = Nasca &South American

41
Q

When was the chaiten quake?

A

May 2008

42
Q

How many years had the chaiten volcano not erupted for before 2008?

A

9,400 ( considered dormant)

43
Q

How much did one airline loose due to airports closures after the chaiten volcano?

A

$0.7 million

44
Q

How high were the lahars after the chaiten volcano?

A

1m

45
Q

How much of chaiten was flooded after the 2008 eruption?

A

90%

46
Q

How much was the disaster strip end after the chaiten volcano?

A

$1,200-$2,200 per month, per family

47
Q

How many were evacuated after the chaiten volcano?

A

5,000 with a 50km exclusion zone around the volcano

48
Q

What type of volcano is Mt Etna ?

A

Strato volcano

49
Q

Which two plates cause Mt Etna?

A

Eurasian/African

50
Q

How much as a proportion of total population live on Mt Enta’s slopes?

A

25%

51
Q

In 1669 how many people died on Enta’s slopes due to asphyxiation?

A

3,000

52
Q

Why did Sicily not get evacuated during the 1669 eruption?

A

Residents hoped the lava would stop at city’s accident defence walls but it did not and almost killed 17,000 destroying 14 towns and villi ages and leaving 27,000 homeless

53
Q

What were the main effects of the 1669 Etna’s erruption?

A

Noxious fumes, huge Collum of ash and lava flows

54
Q

What were the main impacts of the 2008 erruption of Etna?

A

Huge Collum of ash seen as far as Libya, siesmic activity flanks of volcano slipped causing damage to property and lava flows explosion of water tank injured 30 people

55
Q

Etna management 1669:

A

1669: Calania residents led team of 50 men to Etna attempt to divert lava flow using iron rods and picks but diverted to another villiage

56
Q

Etna management 1991-1993

A

Attempts to channel lava flow, earth barriers built to projects nearby town 400m long and 200m high
Us marines using explosives and concrete blocks to slow down and divert flow

57
Q

Etna management 2002:

A

Dams of soil and volcanic rock put up to protect tourist and divert flow, army equipment brought to block flow - 5.6 m from Italian gov

58
Q

What date was the Japan tsunami?

A

11th March 2011

59
Q

Which two plates caused the 9.0 earthquake which caused the Japan tsunami in 2011?

A

Eurasian and Pacific

60
Q

How long did the Japan tsunami take to reach the coast?

A

10 minutes

61
Q

How much of a warning was given before the earthquake was felt in Tokyo?

A

1 minute

62
Q

How many were left dead after the Japan tsunami?

A

16,000

63
Q

How many people are still missing after the Japan tsunami?

A

15,000

64
Q

How many homes were without power and water after the Japan tsunami?

A 
Power = 1.2m
Water = 1.4m
65
Q

How much was the exclusion zone around Fukushima after the Japan tsunami?

A

20km

66
Q

What was the major problem with the seas wall after the Japan tsunami?

A

The sea wall fell by 1m after the coastline dropped

67
Q

How much of the deaths were over 60 in the Japan tsunami?

A

Over 60%

68
Q

How much damage in yen did the Japan tsunami cause?

A

16- 25 trillion

69
Q

How many tonnes of radioactive material was leaked after the Japan tsunami?

A

300 tones into water, back up generators = 8x more radioactive

70
Q

How long were the tsunami warnings given before first wave arrived?

A

I minute

71
Q

What did the us provide after Japan tsunami?

A

Rescue dogs, medical support team 150 people

72
Q

How hot is the inner core?

A

Up to 5000 degrees

73
Q

What percentage of hospitals were destroyed after the Hati quake?

A

60%

74
Q

What was the estimated damage after the Hati quake?

A

$7.8billion

75
Q

How long did it take for a rescue team from Iceland to arrive at Hati?

A

24 hours after the quake

76
Q

How long did the world bank cancel hati’s debt repayment for?

A

5 years

77
Q

How many did oxfam help in Hati by providing sanitation and water?

A

500,000

78
Q

The lava from mt Etna’s erruption in 1669 traveled for 2 weeks destroying how many villiage and almost killing how many people?

A

14 towns and villiages and killing almost 1,700 people

79
Q

How many people were injured by a water tank explosion in 2002 after mt Etna erupted?

A

30

80
Q

How much did the eastern planks of the volcano slip by during the 2002 erruption of mt Etna

A

2m

81
Q

Why did the sea wall in Japan not protect them from the tsunami?

A

The quake caused the sea wall to drop my 1m as the shoreline subsided

82
Q

How many countries have aid to Japan after the tsunami?

A

91

83
Q

How many doctors and nurses flew in to Japan from around the world to help after the tsunami?

A

600

84
Q

What were the restrictions of the supermarket which opened after the Japan tsunami?

A

2-3 hours of ques and only 10 items per person

85
Q

What percentage of hospitals were destroyed after the Hati quake?

A

60%

86
Q

What was the estimated damage after the Hati quake?

A

$7.8billion

87
Q

How long did it take for a rescue team from Iceland to arrive at Hati?

A

24 hours after the quake

88
Q

How long did the world bank cancel hati’s debt repayment for?

A

5 years

89
Q

How many did oxfam help in Hati by providing sanitation and water?

A

500,000

90
Q

The lava from mt Etna’s erruption in 1669 traveled for 2 weeks destroying how many villiage and almost killing how many people?

A

14 towns and villiages and killing almost 1,700 people

91
Q

How many people were injured by a water tank explosion in 2002 after mt Etna erupted?

A

30

92
Q

How much did the eastern planks of the volcano slip by during the 2002 erruption of mt Etna

A

2m

93
Q

Why did the sea wall in Japan not protect them from the tsunami?

A

The quake caused the sea wall to drop my 1m as the shoreline subsided

94
Q

How many countries have aid to Japan after the tsunami?

A

91

95
Q

How many doctors and nurses flew in to Japan from around the world to help after the tsunami?

A

600

96
Q

What were the restrictions of the supermarket which opened after the Japan tsunami?

A

2-3 hours of ques and only 10 items per person

97
Q

How many meals did the Red Cross field kitchen provide per day after the L’Aquila quake?

A

10,000

Geography (2 decks)

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