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Earth Science > Plate Tectonics > Flashcards

Plate Tectonics Flashcards

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1
Q

What are plate tectonics?

A

Plates are pieces of the lithosphere that move around

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2
Q

What are Hot spots?

A

A hot spot is an intensely hot area in the mantle below Earth’s crust; a volcanically active area of Earth’s surface far from tectonic plate boundaries

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3
Q

What is a earthquake?

A

movements or trembling of the ground that is caused by a sudden release of energy when rocks along a fault move

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4
Q

What is a fault?

A

a break in a body of rock along which one block slides relative to another

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5
Q

What is a fault zone?

A

a region of numerous, closely spaced faults

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6
Q

What is seismology?

A

the study of earthquakes and seismic waves

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7
Q

What is a seismograph?

A

an instrument that records vibrations in the ground

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8
Q

What is a seismogram?

A

a tracing of earthquake motion that is recorded by a seismograph

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9
Q

What are seismic waves?

A

vibrations caused by the release of energy along a fault

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10
Q

What are P waves?

A

primary waves/compression waves; Fastest, first to be detected; Can move through solids, liquids, and gases; Causes particles of rock to move in a back-and-forth in direction that is parallel; Travel in the direction that the waves are traveling; The more rigid the material, the faster the waves move

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11
Q

What are S waves?

A

secondary waves/shear waves; move up and down; can only move through liquids; slower then primary waves

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12
Q

What is deformation?

A

the bending, tilting, and breaking of Earth’s crust in response to stress

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13
Q

What is a fold?

A

A bend in rock layers from stress

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14
Q

What is an epicenter?

A

the point on the Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s starting point (focus)

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15
Q

What is intensity?

A

The amount of damage caused by an earthquake

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16
Q

What is the continental crust?

A

Located beneath land masses and under shallow seas close to continents; very thick and lighter rock

17
Q

What is the oceanic crust?

A

Located beneath deep ocean; very thin; dense heavy rock

18
Q

What are divergent plate boundaries?

A

When two plates move away from each other

19
Q

What are convergent plate boundaries?

A

When two plates collide

20
Q

What are transform plate boundaries?

A

When two plates move past each other horizontally

21
Q

What kind of crust does a divergent plate boundary occur in?

A

They can occur in continental or oceanic crust

22
Q

What are the different types of convergent plate boundaries?

A

Continental-Continental; OCEANIC-OCEANIC; Continental-Oceanic

23
Q

What is intensity?

A

The amount of damage an earthquake causes

24
Q

What is pyrolastic material?

A

Fragments of rock that form during a volcanic eruption

25
Q

What gases are released in a volcano?

A

Sulfur dioxide, Carbon dioxide, and water vapor.

26
Q

What is a crater?

A

A funnel shaped pit at the top of a volcano

27
Q

What plate boundary causes volcanoes?

A

Convergent plate boundaries

28
Q

What plate boundary causes earthquakes?

A

Convergent plate boundaries

29
Q

What are oceanic to continental plates?

A

The denser plate moves beneath the less dense plate. Oceanic plates are denser than continental plates.

30
Q

What are oceanic to oceanic plates?

A

The densest plate will subduct and a deep ocean trench forms.

31
Q

What are continental to continental plates?

A

when two continental plates collide, they just smash together; rift valley forms

32
Q

Are hot spots on plate boundaries?

A

No

33
Q

What are mantle plumes?

A

A stationary area of high heat flow in the mantle

34
Q

What is a thrust fault?

A

the upper block, above the fault plane, moves up and over the lower block

35
Q

What is a reverse fault?

A

the block above the fault moves up relative to the block below the fault.

36
Q

What is a strike slip fault?

A

occur along the boundaries of plates that are sliding past each other; rock slides horizontally in response to shear stress

37
Q

What kind of plate boundaries are normal and strike slip faults?

A

Divergent boundaries

38
Q

What kind of plate boundaries are reverse and thrust faults?

A

Convergent boundaries

39
Q

What is a normal fault?

A

the hanging wall moves downward relative to footwall

Earth Science (9 decks)

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