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science > Plate Movement > Flashcards

Plate Movement Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

define thermal convection

A

believed to be responsible for plate movemen

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2
Q

what do you call the upper part of the Earth’s mantle?

A

asthenosphere

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3
Q

cooler,denser material descends carried by _______________

A

convection current

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4
Q

how is an ocean ridge formed?

A

two convection cells meet and move upward

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5
Q

TRUE/FALSE:

Warm, less dense material of the lower mantle rises very slowly in the regions of oceanic ridges

A

TRUE

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6
Q

The _________________ have revealed that the flow of material in the mantle is very complex

A

availability of new technologies and modern research techniques

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7
Q

plate movement occurs because of two processes called ____________ AND _________

A

slab-pull and ridge push

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8
Q

the subducting cold and denser slab of lithosphere pulls the rest of the plate as it moves down-ward into the asthenosphere

A

slab-pull

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9
Q

a German meteorologist, proposed the continental drift hypothesis

A

Alfred Wegener, 1912

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10
Q

the theory where all landmasses were originally united in a single supercontinent

A

continental drift theory

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11
Q

a Greek word meaning “all land.

A

Pangea

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12
Q

What evidence did Wegener have that the continents were joined together in a gigantic landmass?

A

the matching of the shorelines of two continents, South America and Africa

similarity of rock types and structures on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean

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13
Q

The fossil remains of animals like the ___________

A

Mesosaurus

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14
Q

The fossil remains of the _____________ flora found in South America, Africa, India, Antarctica, and Australia

A

Glossopteris

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15
Q

where was the Glossopteris found?

A

South America, Africa, India, Antarctica, and Australia

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16
Q

a scientist who used sonar to map the ocean floor as a US Navy officer during World War II tied his knowledge of the then newly discovered Mid-Atlantic Ridge to the continental drift theory

A

Harry Hess, 1950

17
Q

He proposed the theory of seafloor spreading to explain the moving continents.

A

Harry Hess

18
Q

the newly formed crust moved laterally away from the ridge, known as the _____________

A

spreading center

19
Q

the residual magnetism in ancient rocks, which records the direction and intensity of Earth’s magnetic poles at the time the rock was formed

A

paleomagnetism

20
Q

define paleo

A

old or ancient

21
Q

define paleontology

A

refers to the study of fossil animals and plants

22
Q

define paleoclimate

A

refers to the ancient climate

23
Q

It is the result of the changing speed of rotation of the mantle and the outer core.

A

Earth’s magnetic field

24
Q

the complete reversal of the north and south magnetic poles

A

magnetic reversal

25
Q

These _______________ stripes on the seafloor occur symmetrically on either side of a spreading center, confirming Hess’ theory of seafloor spreading

A

zebra-like magnetic

26
Q

theory that the continents were joined into a single landmass that broke apart and were moving over Earth’s surface

A

Continental DriftTheory

27
Q

phenomenon involving the complete reversal of the north and south magnetic poles

A

magnetic reversal

28
Q

residual magnetism in rocks, studied to determine the direction and intensity of Earth’s magnetic field in the past

A

paleomagnetism

29
Q

theory that the seafloor moves away from spreading centers or ocean ridges and it is eventually destroyed at deep-ocean trenches

A

Seafloor SpreadingTheory

30
Q

What makes the tectonic plates move?

A

mantle con-vection, ridge-push, and slab-pul

31
Q

What are the lines of evidence about the Continental Drift Theory

A

a) the continental shelves of South America and Africa fit together like a jigsaw puzzle
(b) the similarity of rock types and structures
(c) glacial deposits and striations; and (d) fossil remains of animals and plants

32
Q

what are the lines of evidence support tectonic plate movement.

A

a) continental drift
(b) seafloor spreading
(c) paleomagnetism
(d) geomagnetic reversal

33
Q

TRUE/FALSE:

The development of the Seafloor SpreadingTheory is credited to Alfred Wegener

A

FALSE: Continental Drift Theory

34
Q

TRUE/FALSE:

Most scientists believe that a kind of thermal convection is the driving force for plate movement

A

TRUE

35
Q

TRUE/FALSE:

Warm, less dense material of the lower mantle rises very slowly in the regions of oceanic ridges

A

FALSE: Upper

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