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science > Internal Structure of Earth > Flashcards

Internal Structure of Earth Flashcards

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1
Q

a type of waves that can be classified as either a body

wave or a surface wave

A

seismic waves

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2
Q

define primary wave or P-wave

A 
a longitudinal (compressional)
wave
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3
Q

define secondary or s-wave

A

a transverse (shear) wave

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4
Q

TRUE/FALSE:
P-waves are the ‘slowest’ and they move through surface rocks and
sub-surface solid and liquid materials

A

FALSE; P-waves are the fastest

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5
Q

TRUE/FALSE:

S-waves are slower and they do not travel through liquids as P-waves do

A

TRUE

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6
Q

Why are S-waves slow and why can’t they travel through liquids?

A

liquids do not have the cohesion needed to transmit a shear, or side-to-side, motion

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7
Q

define surface wave

A

up-anddown (crest and trough) and side-to-side waves that travel across the surface

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8
Q

TRUE/FALSE:
surface waves
are the slowest among all the waves

A

TRUE

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9
Q

What are the two types of surface waves?

A

Love waves and Rayleigh waves

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10
Q

Who discovered Love waves?

A

Augustus Love

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11
Q

Who discovered Rayleigh waves?

A

Lord Rayleigh

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12
Q

TRUE/FALSE:

Love waves are ‘vertical’ surface waves, moving from side to side.

A

FALSE; Love waves are HORIZONTAL surface waves

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13
Q

Love waves: horizontal surface waves; Rayleigh waves: __________

A

up and down

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14
Q

TRUE/FALSE:

seismic waves travel most rapidly in rigid materials

A

TRUE

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15
Q

How come seismic waves can travel faster in deeper areas?

A

deeper areas experience much higher

pressure, causing the rocks there to become more compact

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16
Q

define discontinuity

A

the boundary between the two unlike materials

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17
Q

Enumerate the Earth’s three zones

A

crust, mantle, and

core

18
Q

Earth’s outer layer and is very thin

A

crust

19
Q

Oceanic crust is generally made of a denser rock called ________

A

basalt

20
Q

Continental crust is a less

dense, _________ rock.

A

granite-type

21
Q

Between the crust and the layer below it, (mantle) is the boundary known
as the __________

A

Mohorovičić discontinuity

22
Q

Who discovered the Mohorovičić discontinuity and when was it discovered?

A

Andrija Mohorovičić in 1909

23
Q

A layer of the Earth that’s soft and a relatively weak layer located in the upper
mantle

A

asthenosphere

24
Q

At the uppermost part of the asthenosphere, _______________ occurs

A

partial melting

25
Q

the partial melting of the asthenosphere is called _______________

A

low-velocity zone

26
Q

an iron rich sphere at the center part of Earth

A

core

27
Q

part of the mantle found below the lithosphere; a “weak sphere”

A

asthenosphere

28
Q

the very thin outermost layer of Earth

A

crust

29
Q

boundary between two unlike materials
in the interior of Earth as determined by
the behavior of seismic waves

A

discontinuity

30
Q

ocation on Earth’s surface that lies directly above the focus of an earthquake

A

epicenter

31
Q

boundary between the mantle and the core

A

Gutenberg discontinuity

32
Q

rigid outer layer of Earth, including the crust and upper mantle

A

lithosphere

33
Q

part of the mantle characterized by a

decrease in the velocity of seismic waves

A

low-velocity zone

34
Q

thick layer of Earth located below the crust

A

mantle

35
Q

also called Moho; the boundary between
the crust and the mantle characterized by
an increase in seismic velocity

A

Mohorovičić discontinuity

36
Q

layer beneath the mantle which has the

properties of a liquid

A

outer core

37
Q

a wave that compresses and
expands the material through which
it moves; a longitudal wave; fastest
earthquake wave

A

P-wave

38
Q

a wave that vibrates the particles of its medium up-and-dowm and sideto-side; a transverse wave; slower than a P-wave that travels only in solids

A

S-wave

39
Q

an instrument that records earthquake

waves

A

Seismograph

40
Q

study of earthquakes and seismic waves

A

seismology

41
Q

zone between about 103° and 142° distance from the epicenter of an earthquake which direct waves do not penetrate because of the refraction by Earth’s core

A

shadow zone

42
Q

TRUE/FALSE:
Seismic waves are
reflected and refracted (or bent) at boundaries of unlike materials

A

TRUE

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