Plate 21 - Terms of Movement

Question 1

Terms of movement are only applicable to _______, not _______.

Answer 1

Joints

Bones

Question 2

Range of motion is limited by:

Answer 2

Bony architecture of a joint
Related ligaments
Muscles crossing that joint.

Question 3

Extension

Answer 3

Straightening a joint. Joints are in relaxed extension when in anatomical position. Movements of extension are in the sagittal plane.

Question 4

Hyperextension

Answer 4

Extreme, or abnormal extension.

Question 5

Dorsiflexion

Answer 5

Extension at the ankle and wrist joints.

Question 6

Flexion

Answer 6

To bend or decrease the angle between the bones of the joint. Movements are in the sagittal plane.

Question 7

Plantar flexion

Answer 7

Flexion at the ankle joint.

Question 8

Adduction

Answer 8

Moves a bone towards the midline of the body, or for fingers and toes, towards the midline of the joint. Movements are in the coronal plane.

Question 9

Abduction

Answer 9

Moves a bone away from the midline of the body (or hand or foot). Movements are in the coronal plane.

Question 10

Circumduction

Answer 10

Circular movement, characterized by flexion, abduction, extension, adduction of the joint done in sequence. Permitted at ball and socket, condylar, and saddle joints.

Question 11

Rotation

Answer 11

Turns the moving bone about its axis. Can be internal/medial rotation (limb turns towards body) or external/lateral rotation (limb turns away from body).

Question 12

Supination

Answer 12

External rotation of radiohumeral joint, which turns the hand and wrist to palm-up position.In the foot, the sole is turned in the medial direction.

Question 13

Pronation

Answer 13

Internal rotation of radiohumeral joint, which turns the hand and wrist to palm-down position. In the foot, the sole is turned in the lateral direction.

Question 14

Inversion

Answer 14

Turns the sole of the foot inward, elevating the medial border.

Question 15

Eversion

Answer 15

Turns the sole of the foot outward, elevating the lateral border.

Question 16

Movements of the Shoulder Blade

Answer 16

Depression - move down

Elevation - move up

Question 17

Movement of Jaw and Shoulder Blade

Answer 17

Protraction - Slide outward

Retraction - Slide inward

Question 18

Thumb Movement

Answer 18

Opposition - Thumb pad touches finger of the same hand

Reposition - Thumb moves away from a finger - back to anatomical position

Question 19

Extension/Flexion in Transverse

Answer 19

Horizontal flexion/transverse adduction - flexion of the shoulder
Horizontal extension/transverse abduction - extension of the shoulder