Plate 19 - Axial/Appendicular Skeleton, Bone Classification

Question 1

Axial Skeleton

Answer 1

Principal supportive structure of the body. Located on median longitudinal axis. Skull, neck, trunk (vertebrae, sternum, ribs, hyoid bone, sacral regions). Mobility of torso is caused by multiple articulations throughout the vertebral column.
Rigid.

Question 2

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 2

Freely movable due to joints.
Upper and lower limbs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle. 126 bones.
Fractures, dislocations, more common in this part of skeleton.

Question 3

Functions of bones

Answer 3

1. Support tissues and provide framework for the body.
2. Protect organs.
3. Produce RBC/WBC
4. Bone tissue provides a stored reserve of minerals.
5. Provide levers on which muscles pull to produce movement.

Question 4

Types of Bones

Answer 4

Long, Short, Flat, Irregular, Sesamoid

Question 5

Long Bones

Answer 5

Clearly long, slightly curved, absorb forces, have bone marrow. Femur, phalanx, humerus, tibia.

Question 6

Short Bones

Answer 6

Cube like in shape. Lack bone marrow. Carpals, tarsals.

Question 7

Flat Bones

Answer 7

Smooth to protect organs. Cranial, ribs.

Question 8

Irregular Bones

Answer 8

Lots of area for muscle attachment. Two or more different shapes.

Question 9

Sesamoid

Answer 9

Short bones. Lie within a tendon, and hold the tendon slightly away from the joint to prevent friction. Patella.