Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Tovaroznalectvo > Plastics, wood, el. appliances > Flashcards

Plastics, wood, el. appliances Flashcards

1
Q

What is wood

A
  • Wood is hard fibrous material making the trunk and branches of trees or bushes
  • Organic and hygroscopic material (it naturally absorbs and releases water)
  • Renewable and sustainable resource
  • Recyclable and biodegradable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of trees

A

o Conifer trees
o Decidous trees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Parts of tree

A

o A tree is a perennial plant with roots, a trunk, side branches and twigs
o A branch system forms a crown
o The trunk carries water with dissolved minerals upwards and downwards
o The leaves turn sunlight into their energy (glucose), they also make the oxygen in the air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Wood components

A

 Cellulose – an orgainc compound derived from glucose, gives the wood its strenght
 Hemicellulose – gives wood its flexibility
 Lignin – the glue which holds fibres together, gives wood its stiffness
 Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Wood characteristics

A

o Physical properties
 Low weight
 Typical smell and colour
 Perfect insulator
 Poor electrical and heat conductivity
o Mechanical properties
 Strong
 Durable
 Hardness
 Tension
 Density
o Chemical properties
 Flammability
 Reactivity with oxygen, water and acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hardwood

A

o Comes from flowering plants (oak, beech, maple)
o Last longer, they are denser
o More expensive
o Used for high quality furniture, musical instruments, floors, counstruction and boatbuilding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Softwood

A

o Come from evergreen conifers (pine, spruce)
o Grow rapidly, less stable
o Cheaper, easier to work with
o Used for manufacturing of windows, interior mouldings amd MDF (medium density fiberboard)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Wood products

A

o Primary
o Secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Primary wood products

A

 Logs are used as raw materials
* Lumber
* Pulp
* Panel products
* Paper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lumber

A

o Dimensional lumber
o Laminated lumber
o Decking
o Timber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • Panel products
A

Veneered products – Plywood
o Non-veneered products – Fiberboard, particleboard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Secondary wood products

A

 Manufactured wood products
* Furniture
* Pallets
* Moldings
* Others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is plastic

A
  • The word comes from Greek word “plastikos” meaning capable of being shaped or moulded
  • Main ingredient polymers
  • All plastics are based on carbon, most plastics are derived from fossil fuel-based chemicals (natural gas or oil)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pros of plastics

A

 Lightweight, flexible and durable material
 Non-corrosive material, easily moulded
 Safe and tough packaging material
 Strong, non-reactive to air and water
 Resistant to heat, chemicals, oil and grease
 Low processing cost
 Good insulation and low thermal conductivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cons of plastics

A

 Poor mechanical strength
 Both the production and recycling of plastics pollute the environment
 Difficult disposal after use (natural decomposition lasts very long and some are non-degradable)
 Plastic materials affect water bodies like oceans, seas, lakes
 Many animals consume plastic products and are dying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Classification of plastics

A

o By their behaviour in the manufacturing process - Thermoplastics and thermosets
o Commodity plastics:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

 Thermoplastics:

A
  • Do not undergo a chemical change in their composition when heated, can mould several times
  • Example: PP, PE, PVS and PS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

 Thermosets:

A
  • Can melt and mould into any shape only once, they cannot be returned to their original state
  • Example: Rubber, acrylic, silicone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

o Commodity plastics

A

 Six major types
 They are masked with a triangle of 3 “chasing” arrows, with a number giving the plastic type (3 parts of recycling process – Collection, remanufacturing and resale)
PET, HDPE, PVC, LDPE, PP, PS, Other types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  1. PET (PETE) – polyethylene terephthalate
A
  • Use: soda bottles, water bottles, polyester film, containers for food, jars, fibre for clothing
  • Recycled: Commonly – into fleece, fiber, bags, furniture, carpets
    1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
  1. HDPE – high-density polyethylene
A
  • Use: detergent containers, plastic bottles, piping for water and sewer, snowboards, boats
  • Recycled: Commonly – into detergant/oil bottles, pens, floor tile, drainage pipe
    2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  1. PVC – polyvinyl chloride
A
  • Use: Window frames, plumbing products, electrical cable insulation, clothing, medical tubing
  • Recycled: Rarely – never burn PVC
    3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
  1. LDPE – low-density polyethylene
A
  • Use: Shopping bags, plastic bags, clear food containers, disposable packaging
  • Recycled: Sometimes – into trash bins and cans, compost bins
    4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
  1. PP – polypropylene
A
  • Use: laboratory equipment, automotive parts, medical devices, food containers
  • Recycled: Sometimes – into brooms, brushes, pallets, trays
    5
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q
  1. PS – polystyrene
A
  • Use: CD and DVD cases, packing peanuts, single-use disposable cutlary trays
  • Recycled: Rarely – sometimes into insulation, egg cartons, foam packing
    6
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q
  1. Other types
A

*PUR, PES, ABS, Polyerethane, Polycarbonate, Lexan
Use: Baby feeding bottles, car parts, water cooler bottles, sippy cups
* ABS Use: Monitor/TV cases, coffee makers, cell phones, calculators, most computer plastic, lego bricks
* Recycled: Sometimes – Custom-made products
7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Enviromental impact of plastics

A

o Waste – the highest negative enviromental impact
o Single-use plastics accounts for 40% of the plastic produced every year
o Harm to wildlife – plastics have been consumed by both water and land animals, sometimes causing death
o other impacts occur during the resource extraction, production, consumption and end-of-life phases of plastics
o Pollution of air, water and soil
o Impact on human health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Possible solutions

A

o Reuse it where possible
o Bring your own bags for grocery shopping
o Avoid single-use plastics
o Use renewable plant materials such as cellulose and starch for plastics manufacture
o Use biodegradable plastics – they can degrade or break down when exposed to sunlight or ultraviolet radiation, bacteria, certain enzymes, dampness or water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Recycling process

A

o 3 parts
 Collection
 Remanufacture
 Resale
o Only about 40% of plastic packaging waste is recycled in the EU-28
o Through municipal recycling programs, specific types of plastics are collected, sorted out, and processed for recycling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are electrical appliances

A
  • Electrical/mechanical devices use or generate electricity and transform it into another form of energy
  • They usually accomplish household functions, such as cooking, cleaning or entertainment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Basic types of electrical appliances

A

o Electrothermal (ET)
o Electromechanical (EM)

32
Q
  • Classification of home appliances
A

o Major appliances = white / heavy appliances
o Small appliances
Consumer electronics

33
Q

o Major appliances = white / heavy appliances

A

 ET - cooker, fridge, freezer, oven, dishwasher, water heater, heating appliances
EM - Washing machine, grass mower, vacuum cleaner

34
Q

Cooker

A

o A standard cooker can have 4 burners and up to 2 ovens

35
Q

Types of cooker

A

 Gas – uses natural gas, propane, butane
 Ceramic
 Electric – an electric powered device
 Induction – requires special material of cooking vessels – ferromagnetic metal such as cast iron or stainless steel
 Cook stove – heated by burning wood, charcoal, animal dung

36
Q

Fridge

A

o It uses electricity to preserve food at a cold temperature (from 3 to 7 °C)
o It consists of a thermal insulated compartment and a heat pump that transfers heat from its inside to its external environment

37
Q

Fridge heatpump

A

 Mechanical
 Electronic
 Chemical

38
Q

Fridge history

A

1930s – Not flammable synthetic refrigerant such as Freon-12 were introduced.
 However R-12 damaged the ozone layer.
 Since 1990 less harmful tetrafluoroethene (R-134) has been in common use.
 Nowadays, the most common used coolant is R-600a, or isobutane.

39
Q

How it works - fridge

A

 Compressor – heart of the fridge (it circulates the refrigerant throughout the system and makes it hot)
 Condenser – the refrigerant is cooled down inside and condenses here – it turns from a gas back into a liquid
 Evaporator
 Capillary
 Thermostat

40
Q

Types of fridges

A

 Compressor fridge
 Absorption fridge
 Solar fridge
 American style fridge
 Magnetic fridge

41
Q

Compressor fridge

A
  • The most common type
  • The most efficient
  • Give greatest cooling effect
  • They make a noticeable noise
42
Q

 Absorption fridge

A
  • May be used in caravans, trailers and places without electricity
  • Is powered by gas, kerosene or 12V batteries
43
Q

 Solar fridge

A
  • They do not use refrigerants
  • Use ammonian as the working gas and solar panels
44
Q

 American style fridge

A
  • Very spacious
  • Popular for its unusual features, e.g. ice maker, instaview, built-in camera, SodaStream
45
Q

 Magnetic fridge

A
  • They work on the magnetocaloric effect
46
Q

o Special features - fridge

A

 Auto-defrost, self-defrosting – it regularly defrosts the evaporator
 Adjustable shelves and trays
 Door locks and alarms
 In-door ice maker, coffee maker
 Smart fridges knows what kind of products are being stored inside and keep a track of the stock through barcode or RFID scanning

47
Q

Energy label - fridge

A

shows the energy efficiency scale A-G
o Noise emission class
o Total volume of a fridge/freezer in litres

48
Q

Freezer

A

o A refrigerated cabinet or room for preserving food at very low temperature
o It is designed to hold food at -18°C for a long term storage
o The majority of freezers are bottom freezers, having the freezer compartment below the refrigerator compartment

49
Q

Types of freezers

A

 Upright freezer
 Under-counter freezer
 Chest freezer
 Drawer freezer

50
Q

Special features - freezer

A

 Fast freeze function
 No frost/frost free
 Temperature alarm
 Freezer defrost

51
Q

Rating system - freezer

A

 * -6°C
 ** - 12°C
 *** -18°C
** -18°C (with fast freezing function)

52
Q

Oven

A

o Electrothermal appliance based on the generation of heat by passing current through a conductor

53
Q

Types of oven

A

 Built-in oven
 Free-standing
 Steam oven
 Light oven
o Gas ovens are more expensive to purchase than electrical ovens, but they cost less to run

54
Q

Special features - oven

A

 Dehydration options
 Touch screens
 Speed cooking
 Wireless connection
 Ventilation

55
Q

Dishwasher

A

o The first dishwasher woth electric motor was invented by Miele in 1929
o Mechanical machine that cleans off dishes through spraying bursts of hot water (45°C – 75°C) and detergent at the dishes

56
Q

How does a dishwasher work

A

 Mix of water and detergent is pumped to one or more rotating spray arms.
 Once the wash is finished, the water is drained, and the rinse cycle begins.
 After the rinse cycle finishes and the water is drained, the dishes are dried.

57
Q

Dishwasher - advantages

A

 More efficient than hand washing – it uses around six times less energy, water and detergent
 Saves your energy – you may wait several days for it to be full before running it

58
Q

Dishwasher - disadvantages

A

 You cannot wash certain items in a dishwasher (made of wood, aluminium, children’s dishes with design, fine china dishware)

59
Q

Dishwasher - special features

A

 Anti-flood protection
 Fan or auto-open
 Adjustable plate racks
 Height-adjustable baskets
 Cutlery tray
 Child lock
 Sensor-assisted wash cycles – adjust the wash duration to the number of dirty dishes

60
Q

Types of dishwashers

A

 Built-in
 Double
 Portable
 Countertop

61
Q

Energy label - dishwasher

A

water and energy rating, the new labe shows the energy consumption in kWh/100 washing cycles

62
Q
  • Washing machine
A

o An electrical appliance used to wash laundry
o Early Miele washing machine with a mangle (probably 1930)

63
Q

How does it work - washing machine

A

 There are 2 drums, one inside the other
 Bigger drum holds the water while the inner drum (in a front loader) or the agitator (in a toploader) rotates
 Operation of washing machine is split into 3 cycles:
* Wash cycle – here clothes are washed in water with detergent
* Rinse cycle – here dirt which is separated from clothes is drained
* Dry cycle – here clothes are made to be dried

64
Q

Types of washing machines

A

 Top-loading
 Front-loading

65
Q

Top loading washing machine

A
  • Have shorter cycle times
  • Operate more quietly
  • Easy to add clothes
  • Use more water, energy, and washing detergent
  • Cost more to run
66
Q

Front loading washing machine

A
  • They usually use less energy, water and detergent
  • Their maximum spin speeds are higher – up to 2000 RPM (revolutions per minute)
  • More expensive and louder
67
Q

Special features - washing machine

A

 Delayed start
 Predefined programmes for different laundry types
 Variable temperatures, including cold wash
 Time remaining indication
 Rotation speed settings
 Wi-Fi connectivity
 Child lock
 Steam washing

68
Q

Energy label - washing machine

A

Washing performance and spin efficiency are graded in the range A – G, other information include noise level of spinnig cycle, maximum wash time and capacity

69
Q

Small appliances

A

ET - Electrical kettle, Coffee maker, Deep fryer, Grill, Toaster ,Curling iron, Hair straightener, Microwave oven
EM - Blender, Food processor, Grinder

70
Q

Microwave oven

A

o Used mainly for defrosting, cooking, heating or melting
o Inside the solid metal box, there is a microwave generator called a magnetron
o Magnetron tube – converts high voltage energy into electromagnetic energy
o Microwaves aren’t dangerous because she electromagnetic waves stop as soon you cut off the power and open the door, and they don’t remain in the food and make it radioactive
o Microwave radiation is not dangerous to humans, but can sometimes cause interference to Wi-Fi and Bluetooth

71
Q

Microwave oven - advantages

A

 Melting and defrosting process is easy
 Heating is simpler, without burning
 Cooking time is shorter

72
Q

Microwave oven - disadvantages

A

 Not suitable for all food
 Certain cookware can’t be used

73
Q

 Devices for entertainment

A
  • TV
  • DVD player
  • Game console
  • Remote control cars
74
Q

Consumer electronics

A

 Devices for entertainment
 Devices for communication
 Devices for home-office activities

75
Q

 Devices for communication

A
  • Smartphone
  • Headphones
  • Laptop
  • Tablet
76
Q

 Devices for home-office activities

A
  • Desktop computer
  • Printers
  • Paper shredders
77
Q

Energy label - in general

A

o Provides information about the product’s energy consumption and other specific data (the product’s noise, emissions, or water consumption)
o A new generation of labels was released on 1st March 2021
o Changes:
 The QR code
 The rescaled energy efficiency class
 The annual energy consumption

Tovaroznalectvo (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions