Plasticity And Functional Recovery Of The Brain After Trauma

Question 1

What’s plasticity?

Answer 1

Brains ability to change and adapt its structures and processes as a consequence of experience and new learning.

Question 2

Plasticity is….
Brains ability to …. and …. its …. and …. as a consequence of …… and …. learning.

Answer 2

Change
Adapt
Structures
Processes
Experienced
New

Question 3

What’s synaptic pruning?

Answer 3

Synaptic connections that are not used regularly are deleted ands ones we use regularly are strengthened

Question 4

Synaptic connections that are not used regularly are deleted ands ones we use regularly are strengthened. What does this describe?

Answer 4

Synaptic pruning

Question 5

During infancy brain experiences rapid growth in number of synaptic connections, peaking at ….. at the age…. This is around x2 as many in …. brain.

Answer 5

15,000
2-3 years
Adult

Question 6

When is it that the brain experiences rapid growth in the number of synaptic connections?

Answer 6

Infancy

Question 7

Research suggests that at any time in life existing …. connections can …. or …. neural connections can be formed between neurons as a result of …. and ….

Answer 7

Neural
Chnage
New
Leaning
Experience

Question 8

Research investigating plasticity was conducted by who?

Answer 8

Maguire

Question 9

I’m maguire’s research who’s brains were studied?

Answer 9

London taxi drivers

Question 10

Outline Maguire’s research

Answer 10

• brains of london taxi drivers were studied
• greater volume of grey matter in the pro sterile hippocampus (responsible for spatial and navigational skills) in those who’d been taxi driver for long time in comparison to those who had been taxi driver for short time
• difference was due to their greater knowledge of the roads suggesting their brain has been altered by experience (plasticity)

Question 11

In Maguire’s research they found a greater volume of grey matter where?

Answer 11

Posterior hippocampus

Question 12

What’s the posterior hippocampus responsible for?

Answer 12

Spatial and navigation skills

Question 13

In Maguire’s research there was a greater volume of grey matter in the posterior hippocampus in those who’d been a taxi driver for a….compared to those who’d been taxi driver for….

Answer 13

Long time
Short time

Question 14

In Maguire’s research what was the difference in the the those who’d been a taxi driver for a long while compared to those who’d been a taxi driver for a short while? And what does this suggest?

Answer 14

The grater knowledge in the roads which suggests the structure of their brain has been altered by their experience = plasticity.

Question 15

Maguire’s research can be used as an AO3 !!!!

Answer 15

AO3

Question 16

Name a type of plasticity

Answer 16

Functional recovery

Question 17

What is functional recovery?

Answer 17

Type of plasticity and refers to recovery of abilities and mental processes that have been effected by brain damage of disease

Question 18

Functional recovery is….
Type of … and refers to recovery of …. and ….. processes that have been effected by brain …. or…..

Answer 18

Plasticity
Abilities
Mental
Damage
Disease

Question 19

What happens in functional recovery?

Answer 19

The brain is able to rewire by forming new synaptic connections close to the damaged area of the brain. Secondary neural pathways not typically used are activated to enable functioning to continue.

Question 20

In functional recovery-
The brain is able to …. by forming new ….. connections close to the …. area of the brain. …. neural pathways not typically used are …. to enable functioning to continue.

Answer 20

Rewire
Synaptic
Damaged
Secondary
Activated

Question 21

The process of functional recovery created a number of structural changes in the brain, what are these?

Answer 21

Axonal sprouting
Recruitment of the homologous

Question 22

Describe axonal sprouting

Answer 22

Growth of new nerve endings which connect undamaged nerve cells to form new pathways

Question 23

Growth of new nerve endings which connect undamaged nerve cells to form new pathways. What does this describe?

Answer 23

Axonal sprouting

Question 24

Axonal sprouting-
Growth of new nerve ….. which connect ….. nerve cells to form new ….

Answer 24

Endings
Undamaged
Pathways

Question 25

Describe recruitment of homologous

Answer 25

Area of the opposite side of the brain take over the function of the damaged area of the brain

Question 26

Area of the opposite side of the brain take over the function of the damaged area of the brain. What does this describe?

Answer 26

Recruitment of the homologous

Question 27

Recruitment of the homologous- Area of the …. side of the brain take over the …. of the …. area of the brain

Answer 27

Opposite Functioning Damaged

Question 28

What effects recovery after trauma? (Only AO2 questions)

Answer 28

Perseverance Age Gender Education Stress and alcohol

Question 29

How does perseverance effect recovery after trauma?

Answer 29

It takes great deal of effort to recover, research shows some ppl may appear to lose function but the reason that this person isn’t trying bc they believe it’s unrecoverable.

Question 30

How does age effect recovery after trauma?

Answer 30

Younger ppl are more likely to recover from damage compared to older ppl. There is a deterioration of the brain in old age which affects the extent and speed of recovery.

Question 31

How does gender effect recovery after trauma?

Answer 31

Some research suggests females are more likely to recover than males

Question 32

How does education effect recovery after trauma?

Answer 32

Schneider found that the more time ppl with a brain injury had spent in education the greater chance of a disability free recovery (DRF). 40% of those who achieved a DRF had more than 16 yrs education compared to 10% of those who has less that 12 yrs education.

Question 33

Education effects recovery after trauma- Schneider found that the more time ppl with a brain injury had spent in …. the greater chance of a disability free recovery (DRF). ….% of those who achieved a DRF had more than ….. yrs education compared to ….% of those who has less that … yrs education.

Answer 33

Education 40 16 10 12

Question 34

How does stress and alcohol effect recovery after trauma?

Answer 34

Takes effort to regain ability to function so alcohol and stress can make it more difficult for an individual