Plasticity And Functional Recovery Of The Brain After Trauma Flashcards
What’s plasticity?
Brains ability to change and adapt its structures and processes as a consequence of experience and new learning.
Plasticity is….
Brains ability to …. and …. its …. and …. as a consequence of …… and …. learning.
Change
Adapt
Structures
Processes
Experienced
New
What’s synaptic pruning?
Synaptic connections that are not used regularly are deleted ands ones we use regularly are strengthened
Synaptic connections that are not used regularly are deleted ands ones we use regularly are strengthened. What does this describe?
Synaptic pruning
During infancy brain experiences rapid growth in number of synaptic connections, peaking at ….. at the age…. This is around x2 as many in …. brain.
15,000
2-3 years
Adult
When is it that the brain experiences rapid growth in the number of synaptic connections?
Infancy
Research suggests that at any time in life existing …. connections can …. or …. neural connections can be formed between neurons as a result of …. and ….
Neural
Chnage
New
Leaning
Experience
Research investigating plasticity was conducted by who?
Maguire
I’m maguire’s research who’s brains were studied?
London taxi drivers
Outline Maguire’s research
- brains of london taxi drivers were studied
- greater volume of grey matter in the pro sterile hippocampus (responsible for spatial and navigational skills) in those who’d been taxi driver for long time in comparison to those who had been taxi driver for short time
- difference was due to their greater knowledge of the roads suggesting their brain has been altered by experience (plasticity)
In Maguire’s research they found a greater volume of grey matter where?
Posterior hippocampus
What’s the posterior hippocampus responsible for?
Spatial and navigation skills
In Maguire’s research there was a greater volume of grey matter in the posterior hippocampus in those who’d been a taxi driver for a….compared to those who’d been taxi driver for….
Long time
Short time
In Maguire’s research what was the difference in the the those who’d been a taxi driver for a long while compared to those who’d been a taxi driver for a short while? And what does this suggest?
The grater knowledge in the roads which suggests the structure of their brain has been altered by their experience = plasticity.
Maguire’s research can be used as an AO3 !!!!
AO3
Name a type of plasticity
Functional recovery
What is functional recovery?
Type of plasticity and refers to recovery of abilities and mental processes that have been effected by brain damage of disease
Functional recovery is….
Type of … and refers to recovery of …. and ….. processes that have been effected by brain …. or…..
Plasticity
Abilities
Mental
Damage
Disease
What happens in functional recovery?
The brain is able to rewire by forming new synaptic connections close to the damaged area of the brain. Secondary neural pathways not typically used are activated to enable functioning to continue.
In functional recovery-
The brain is able to …. by forming new ….. connections close to the …. area of the brain. …. neural pathways not typically used are …. to enable functioning to continue.
Rewire
Synaptic
Damaged
Secondary
Activated
The process of functional recovery created a number of structural changes in the brain, what are these?
Axonal sprouting
Recruitment of the homologous
Describe axonal sprouting
Growth of new nerve endings which connect undamaged nerve cells to form new pathways
Growth of new nerve endings which connect undamaged nerve cells to form new pathways. What does this describe?
Axonal sprouting
Axonal sprouting-
Growth of new nerve ….. which connect ….. nerve cells to form new ….
Endings
Undamaged
Pathways
Describe recruitment of homologous
Area of the opposite side of the brain take over the function of the damaged area of the brain
Area of the opposite side of the brain take over the function of the damaged area of the brain. What does this describe?
Recruitment of the homologous
Recruitment of the homologous-
Area of the …. side of the brain take over the …. of the …. area of the brain
Opposite
Functioning
Damaged
What effects recovery after trauma?
(Only AO2 questions)
Perseverance
Age
Gender
Education
Stress and alcohol
How does perseverance effect recovery after trauma?
It takes great deal of effort to recover, research shows some ppl may appear to lose function but the reason that this person isn’t trying bc they believe it’s unrecoverable.
How does age effect recovery after trauma?
Younger ppl are more likely to recover from damage compared to older ppl. There is a deterioration of the brain in old age which affects the extent and speed of recovery.
How does gender effect recovery after trauma?
Some research suggests females are more likely to recover than males
How does education effect recovery after trauma?
Schneider found that the more time ppl with a brain injury had spent in education the greater chance of a disability free recovery (DRF). 40% of those who achieved a DRF had more than 16 yrs education compared to 10% of those who has less that 12 yrs education.
Education effects recovery after trauma-
Schneider found that the more time ppl with a brain injury had spent in …. the greater chance of a disability free recovery (DRF). ….% of those who achieved a DRF had more than ….. yrs education compared to ….% of those who has less that … yrs education.
Education
40
16
10
12
How does stress and alcohol effect recovery after trauma?
Takes effort to regain ability to function so alcohol and stress can make it more difficult for an individual
