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test > Plastic Surgery > Flashcards

Plastic Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

What is blepharoplasty?

A

Eyelid surgery, removing excess skin or fat

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2
Q

What is a face lift?

A

Removal of excess facial skin via hairline/chin/ear incisions

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3
Q

What are Langer’s lines?

A

Natural skin lines of minimal tension.

Incisions perpendicular to Langer’s lines result in larger scars than incision parallel to the lines.

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4
Q

What is mammoplasty?

A

Breast surgery, reduction or augmentation

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5
Q

What is polydactyly?

A

Extra fingers

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6
Q

What is rhinoplasty?

A

Nose surgery, after trauma or cosmetic

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7
Q

What is syndactyly?

A

Webbed fingers

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8
Q

What are the phases of wound healing?

A

“In Every Fresh Cut”

  1. Inflammation
  2. Epithelialization
  3. Fibroplasia
  4. Contraction.
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9
Q

What is the inflammation phase of wound healing?

A

Vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation, capillary leak

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10
Q

What is the epithelialization phase of wound healing?

A

Epithelial coverage of wound

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11
Q

What is the fibroplasia phase of wound healing?

A

Fibroblasts and accumulation of collagen, elastin, and reticulin

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12
Q

What is the wound contraction phase of wound healing?

A

Myofibroblasts contract wound

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13
Q

What is the maximal contraction of a wound in mm/day?

A

0.75 mm/day

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14
Q

What degree of bacterial contamination prevents epithelialization?

A

> 100,000 organisms/g tissue

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15
Q

In which structures does the epithelium grow from superficial burns and wounds?

A

Epithelial lining of sweat glands and hair follicles

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16
Q

In which structures does the epithelium grow in full-thickness burns?

A

From wound margins, grows in

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17
Q

What malignant ulcer is associated with a long-standing scar or burn?

A

Marjolin’s ulcer

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18
Q

Which contracts more: an STSG or an FTSG?

A

STSG contracts up to 41% in surface area, whereas an FTSG contracts little, if at all

19
Q

What is granulation tissue?

A

Within 4-6 days after an open wound, development of capillary beds and fibroblasts provides a healthy base for epithelial growth from wound edges.
This tissue also resists bacterial infection.

20
Q

What local factors impair wound healing?

A

Hematoma, seroma, infection, tight sutures, tight wrap, movement or disturbance of the wound

21
Q

What generalized conditions impair wound healing?

A

Anemia, malnutrition, steroids, cancer, radiation, hypoxia, sepsis

22
Q

What helps wound healing in patients taking steroids?

A

Vitamin A

23
Q

When does a wound gain more than 90% of its maximal tensile strength?

A

After 6 weeks

24
Q

What is a laceration?

A

A jagged wound

25
Q

What is an abrasion?

A

Superficial skin removal

26
Q

What is a contusion?

A

Bruise without a break in the skin

27
Q

What is a hypertrophic scar?

A

Hypertrophic scar within original wound margins

28
Q

What is a keloid?

A

Proliferative scar tumor progressively enlarging scar beyond original wound margins

29
Q

Why not clean lacerations with Betadine?

A

Harmful to and inhibits normal healthy tissue

30
Q

What is the best way to clean out a laceration?

A

Normal saline irrigation

31
Q

What is an STSG?

A

Split Thickness Skin Graft:

Includes the epidermis and a variable amount of the dermis.

32
Q

What is a FTSG?

A

Full Thickness Skin Graft:

Includes the entire epidermis and dermis.

33
Q

What are the prerequisites for a skin graft to take?

A
  1. Bed must be vascularized (a graft to a bone or tendon will not take).
  2. Bacteria must be
34
Q

What is a better bed for a skin graft: fascia or fat?

A

Fascia (better blood supply)

35
Q

How do you increase surface area of a STSG?

A

Mesh it (also allows for blood/serum to be removed from underneath the graft)

36
Q

How does an STSG get nutrition for the first 24 hours?

A

Imbibition

37
Q

Where does a random skin flap get its blood supply?

A

From the dermal-subdermal plexus

38
Q

Where does an axial skin flap get its blood supply?

A

It is vascularized by direct cutaneous arteries

39
Q

What is the arterial supply to the forehead flap?

A

Superficial temporal artery.

Often used for intra-oral lesions.

40
Q

What is the arterial supply to the deltopectoral flap?

A

Second, third, and fourth anterior perforators of the internal mammary artery.
Often used for head and neck wounds.

41
Q

What is the arterial supply to the groin flap?

A

Superficial circumflex iliac artery.

Allows coverage of hand and forearm wounds.

42
Q

What is the most common cause of flap loss?

A

Venous thrombosis

43
Q

What is a free flap?

A

Flap separated from all vascular supply that requires microvascular anastomosis

44
Q

What is a TRAM flap?

A

Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous flap

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