plastic surgery Flashcards
What is the seborrheic keratosis?
A benign skin lesion that appears in older people. Has exophytic waxy brown papules/plaques with superficial keratin cysts.
What is acitinic keratosis?
A pre-malignant lesion (pre-SCC) that occurs in sun exposed older patients. ill-defined erythematous lesions with a light scale/crust
What is the most common malignant skin cancer?
Basal cell carcinoma
What is the clinical presentation of BCC?
slowly enlarging lesion that does not heal and bleeds when traumatised. has varying levels of pigmentation and ulceration
What is the clinical presentation of squamous cell carcinoma?
erythematous, ulcerated papule/nodule
What is Bowen’s disease?
an in situ precursor to SCC
Where doe malignant melanomas arise?
The epidermal basal layer, where melanocytes reside.
What are the ABCDE of the clinical presentation of melanoma?
Asymmetry
irregular Border
Colour variation
Diamter >6mm
Evolution
What is the treatment for a melanoma?
Excision biopsy with margins, including excision of full depth of dermis.
How are malignant melanomas staged?
Breslow thickness, TNM staging
What is the greatest prognostic factor for a malignant melanoma?
Breslow thickness
What are the functions of the skin (which can be disrupted by burns)?
thermoregulation, fluid regulation, immunological barrier
What is the depth of a first degree burn?
epidermis
What is the depth of a second degree burn?
epidermis and varying thickness of the dermis
What is the depth of a third degree burn?
epidermis, full thickness of dermis and possible underlying tissues
What are the clinical features of first degree burns?
painful, erythema, blanchable
What are the clinical features of second degree burns?
painful, erythema, blisters, blanching
What are the clinical features of third degree burns?
painless, white/grey/black leathery skin
What are the surgical management techniques for third degree burns?
escharotomy, tracheostomy
What percentage of the body skin is in each body area?
Rule of 9s:
Head & each arm - 9%
Back and chest each - 18%
Each leg - 18%
Perineum - 1%
What causes carpal tunnel syndrome?
Median nerve compression at the level of the flexor retinaculum
What is the clinical presentation of carpal tunnel syndrome?
numb/painful hand, sensory loss of thumb, and 2nd, third and half of fourth finger
