breast surgery Flashcards
What are the differential diagnoses for a breast mass?
fibrocystic disease, fibroadenoma, mastitis, fat necrosis, breast cancer
What is breast fibrocystic disease?
fibrous/cystic changes in the breast that vary with the menstrual cycle. associated with cyclical bilateral breast pain, most prominent before menstruation, and associated with nipple discharge.
What are the treatments for fibrocystic disease of the breast?
OCP, analgesia
What is a breast fibroadenoma?
painless firm, rubbery, mobile benign tumor
What bacteria is the most common cause of mastitis?
Staph. aureus
What is the treatment for a breast abscess?
ABX (typically flucloxacillin), incision & drainage
What is breast fat necrosis?
An ill defined mass resulting from breast trauma
What are the 2 key differntial diagnoses for nipple discharge?
Intraductal papilloma, mammary duct ectasia
What are the components of the “Triple Assessment” of breast lesions?
Clinical examination, radiology (ultrasound/mammography), biopsy (cytology/histology)
What is the eligibility for breast screening aotearoa?
mammograms for asymptomatic women aged 45-69 every 2 years.
What are the risk factors for breast cancer?
Female sex, increasing age, excess oestrogen, alcohol, personal history, family history
What are some of the causes of excess oestrogen that are risk factors for breast cancer?
early menarche, late menopause, nulliparity, obesity, HRT, OCP, PCOS
What are the key protective factor for breast cancer?
Breast feeding, multiparity, young age of first child,
What are some of the late presentations of breast cancer?
lymphadenopathy, fixation, skin changes, nipple inversion, peau d’orange,
Where does breast cancer most commonly metastasise to?
bone, lung, liver, brain
What is the surgical treatment for early breast cancer?
lumpectomy, SNBx +/- axillary dissection
What is the surgical treatment for late breast cancer?
mastectomy, axillary dissection
What are the drug treatments for ER/PR positive breast cancer?
Tamoxifen (selective oestrogen receptor modulator), aromatase inhibitors
What is the key drug therapy for HER2 positive breast cancer?
Transtuzumab
