Plasma Proteins Flashcards
Which Plasma Protein
- Is most abundant in the body.
- Prevents Edema by increasing osmotic pressure
- Transports Fatty acids
Albumin
What does alpha 1 Antitrypsin do? (Alpha1 Protein)
Inhibit trypsin in GI tract & blood stream and inhibit Elastase
What does Alpha 1 Antichymotrypsin do? (Alpha1 Protein)
Inhibits Cathepsin G (Neutrophils) & Chymases (mast cells)
What does Orosomucoid (Acid glycoprotein) do? (Alpha1 Protein)
Carrier of basic drugs, Steroids, Protease Inhibitors
What does haptoglobin do? (Alpha2 Protein)
Binds free hemoglobin. (Haptoglobin - hemoglobin complex Is filtered out in spleen)
Alpha 2 macroglobulin (transcuprein) (Alpha2 Protein)
Protease inhibitor of plasmin, thrombin, & kallikrein
Ceruloplasmin (Alpha2 Protein)
Ferroxidase and a copper transporter
Beta 2 macroglobulin (Beta Protein)
Binds MHC I and Hemochromatosis Protein to regulate immune response and Iron respiration.
Plasminogen (Beta Protein)
Precursor of plasmin and angiostatin
Angiostatin (Beta Protein)
Down regulates Angiogenesis
Serum Amyloid A (Alpha1 Protein)
Involved in immune cell recruitment
Alpha 2 - Antiplasmin (Alpha2 Protein)
Inhibits plasmin and neutrophils elastase
Protein C (Autoprothrombin 2a) (Alpha2 Protein)
When Active Inhibits factors 5a & 8a
Alpha 2 - lipoprotein (Alpha 2 Protein)
Transports Cholesterol
Properdin (Beta Protein)
Plays a role in alternative pathway of complement and phagocytosis
Transferrin (Beta Protein)
High Affinity Iron binding protein
- Trimer of FGA FGB FGG gene products
- Cleaved by thrombin to yield active form fibrin
- Also known as antithrombin I when High levels of fibrin inhibit thrombin
What am I?
Fibrinogen Factor I
Albumin Decrease
Alpha 2 Increase
Suggest which pathological condition?
Acute phase Inflammatory response
Albumin Decrease
Alpha 2 Increase
Gamma Increase
Suggest which pathological condition?
Liver Cirrhosis
Which proteins/genes are expected to be altered during COPD/Emphysema?
Low - Alpha 1 Antitrypsin
Altered - MET 358 Gene
Note - Alpha1 Antitrypsin inhibits Elastase which breaks down elastic fibers. (Especially in lungs)
- Acute/Chronic Hepatitis
- Toxins
- Cirrhosis (Really High)
Can Suggest the elevated combination of which 2 plasma proteins?
Aspartate Transaminase (AST) and Alanine Transaminase (ALT)
Elevated Aspartate Transaminase (AST) with out elevation of Alanine Transaminase (ALT) suggests which pathological conditions?
- Myositis
- Muscular dystrophy
- Acute Myocardial Infarct
- Healing fractures
- Paget’s Disease (Deterioration of bone)
- Renal Osteodystrophy & also
- Biliary Obstruction (Cystic Fibrosis)
A patient with one of these conditions may have elevated levels of what protein?
Alkaline Phosphatase (AP)
Elevated levels of Gamma - Glutamyl - Transferase suggest …
- Biliary Obstruction
- Elevated Toxins
- Alcoholism & Drug Abuse
Prostate disease and/or prostate Cancer suggest elevation of protein?
Acid Phosphatase (ACP) Prostate Isoform
What protein is most Specific to metastasis / Prostate cancer
Prostate specific Antigen (PSA)
Acute Pancreatitis would suggest elevated levels of what substances?
Pancreatic Amylase & Pancreatic Lipase
Albumin - Decrease
Alpha 2 - Increase
Gamma - Decrease
Suggest what pathological condition?
Nephrotic Syndrome
Myocardial Infarction will lead to elevated levels of which 5 plasma proteins
- Myoglobin
- Troponin
- Creatine Kinase
- Aspartate Transaminase (AST)
- Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
What Plasma protein is expected not to elevate during myocardial Infarction?
Alanine Transaminase (ALT)
Besides myocardial Infarction, Elevated levels of creatine kinase may also be due to …
Exercise
Hematoglobinuria may lead to high levels of what plasma protein?
Haptoglobin
(Due to blood lysis there is elevated levels of free heme which will form complexes with haptoglobin and Can lead to enlarged spleen.)
Albumin - Decrease Alpha 1 - Increase Alpha 2 - Increase Beta 1 - Decrease Gama - Increase
Chronic Inflammation
What are the LDH Isoenzymes found in skeletal muscle?
Isoenzymes 4 and 5
M-Subunits
What are the LDH Isoenzymes found in Myocardial Infarction?
Isoenzymes 1 and 2
H-Subunits
Creatine Kinase BB are isoenzymes specific to the …
Brain
They are Brain Isoenzymes, rarely elevated unless there is specific damage to the blood brain barrier
Creatine Kinase MM are isoenzymes specific to the …
Muscle Tissue
