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Medical Biochemistry > Plasma Proteins > Flashcards

Plasma Proteins Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Which Plasma Protein

  • Is most abundant in the body.
  • Prevents Edema by increasing osmotic pressure
  • Transports Fatty acids
A

Albumin

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2
Q

What does alpha 1 Antitrypsin do? (Alpha1 Protein)

A

Inhibit trypsin in GI tract & blood stream and inhibit Elastase

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3
Q

What does Alpha 1 Antichymotrypsin do? (Alpha1 Protein)

A

Inhibits Cathepsin G (Neutrophils) & Chymases (mast cells)

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4
Q

What does Orosomucoid (Acid glycoprotein) do? (Alpha1 Protein)

A

Carrier of basic drugs, Steroids, Protease Inhibitors

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5
Q

What does haptoglobin do? (Alpha2 Protein)

A

Binds free hemoglobin. (Haptoglobin - hemoglobin complex Is filtered out in spleen)

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6
Q

Alpha 2 macroglobulin (transcuprein) (Alpha2 Protein)

A

Protease inhibitor of plasmin, thrombin, & kallikrein

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7
Q

Ceruloplasmin (Alpha2 Protein)

A

Ferroxidase and a copper transporter

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8
Q

Beta 2 macroglobulin (Beta Protein)

A

Binds MHC I and Hemochromatosis Protein to regulate immune response and Iron respiration.

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9
Q

Plasminogen (Beta Protein)

A

Precursor of plasmin and angiostatin

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10
Q

Angiostatin (Beta Protein)

A

Down regulates Angiogenesis

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11
Q

Serum Amyloid A (Alpha1 Protein)

A

Involved in immune cell recruitment

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12
Q

Alpha 2 - Antiplasmin (Alpha2 Protein)

A

Inhibits plasmin and neutrophils elastase

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13
Q

Protein C (Autoprothrombin 2a) (Alpha2 Protein)

A

When Active Inhibits factors 5a & 8a

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14
Q

Alpha 2 - lipoprotein (Alpha 2 Protein)

A

Transports Cholesterol

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15
Q

Properdin (Beta Protein)

A

Plays a role in alternative pathway of complement and phagocytosis

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16
Q

Transferrin (Beta Protein)

A

High Affinity Iron binding protein

17
Q
  • Trimer of FGA FGB FGG gene products
  • Cleaved by thrombin to yield active form fibrin
  • Also known as antithrombin I when High levels of fibrin inhibit thrombin

What am I?

A

Fibrinogen Factor I

18
Q

Albumin Decrease
Alpha 2 Increase

Suggest which pathological condition?

A

Acute phase Inflammatory response

19
Q

Albumin Decrease
Alpha 2 Increase
Gamma Increase

Suggest which pathological condition?

A

Liver Cirrhosis

20
Q

Which proteins/genes are expected to be altered during COPD/Emphysema?

A

Low - Alpha 1 Antitrypsin
Altered - MET 358 Gene

Note - Alpha1 Antitrypsin inhibits Elastase which breaks down elastic fibers. (Especially in lungs)

21
Q
  • Acute/Chronic Hepatitis
  • Toxins
  • Cirrhosis (Really High)

Can Suggest the elevated combination of which 2 plasma proteins?

A 
Aspartate Transaminase (AST) and
Alanine Transaminase (ALT)
22
Q

Elevated Aspartate Transaminase (AST) with out elevation of Alanine Transaminase (ALT) suggests which pathological conditions?

A
  • Myositis
  • Muscular dystrophy
  • Acute Myocardial Infarct
23
Q
  • Healing fractures
  • Paget’s Disease (Deterioration of bone)
  • Renal Osteodystrophy & also
  • Biliary Obstruction (Cystic Fibrosis)

A patient with one of these conditions may have elevated levels of what protein?

A

Alkaline Phosphatase (AP)

24
Q

Elevated levels of Gamma - Glutamyl - Transferase suggest …

A
  • Biliary Obstruction
  • Elevated Toxins
  • Alcoholism & Drug Abuse
25
Q

Prostate disease and/or prostate Cancer suggest elevation of protein?

A 
Acid Phosphatase (ACP) 
Prostate Isoform
26
Q

What protein is most Specific to metastasis / Prostate cancer

A

Prostate specific Antigen (PSA)

27
Q

Acute Pancreatitis would suggest elevated levels of what substances?

A

Pancreatic Amylase & Pancreatic Lipase

28
Q

Albumin - Decrease
Alpha 2 - Increase
Gamma - Decrease

Suggest what pathological condition?

A

Nephrotic Syndrome

29
Q

Myocardial Infarction will lead to elevated levels of which 5 plasma proteins

A
  • Myoglobin
  • Troponin
  • Creatine Kinase
  • Aspartate Transaminase (AST)
  • Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
30
Q

What Plasma protein is expected not to elevate during myocardial Infarction?

A

Alanine Transaminase (ALT)

31
Q

Besides myocardial Infarction, Elevated levels of creatine kinase may also be due to …

A

Exercise

32
Q

Hematoglobinuria may lead to high levels of what plasma protein?

A

Haptoglobin

(Due to blood lysis there is elevated levels of free heme which will form complexes with haptoglobin and Can lead to enlarged spleen.)

33
Q 
Albumin - Decrease
Alpha 1 - Increase 
Alpha 2 - Increase 
Beta 1 - Decrease 
Gama - Increase
A

Chronic Inflammation

34
Q

What are the LDH Isoenzymes found in skeletal muscle?

A

Isoenzymes 4 and 5

M-Subunits

35
Q

What are the LDH Isoenzymes found in Myocardial Infarction?

A

Isoenzymes 1 and 2

H-Subunits

36
Q

Creatine Kinase BB are isoenzymes specific to the …

A

Brain

They are Brain Isoenzymes, rarely elevated unless there is specific damage to the blood brain barrier

37
Q

Creatine Kinase MM are isoenzymes specific to the …

A

Muscle Tissue

Medical Biochemistry (2 decks)

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