Plasma membrane and organelles Flashcards
Plasma membrane
a semi-permeable membrane (chooses what exits/enters the cell). Boundary of the cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum
continuous membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Helps with synthesis, folding, modification and transport of proteins.
Lysosomes
vesicles within the cell that digest larger molecules, also breaking down and removing waste products of other cells. Found in many animal and some plant cells.
Mitochondria
organelle found in large numbers in most eukaryotic cells. Site for cellular respiration and energy production; using oxygen to break down organic molecules and synthesise ATP.
Nucleus
organelle in the eukaryotic cell that contains genetic information in the form of chromosomes; chromatin.
Phospholipids (tad pole look alike)
lipid molecules that are components of cell membrane.. Has hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends.
Passive transport
No energy required. Diffusion of a substance ACROSS a biological membrane.
Facilitated diffusion
movement of hydrophilic molecules or ions DOWN a biological gradient. No energy required.
Active transport
Needs energy. Movement of substance across a cell membrane AGAINST the gradient via transporter proteins.
Co-transport
indirect active transport. “Downhill” diffusion of a substance or “uphill” transport of a another against the concentration gradient. Substance moves back and fourth.
Membrane proteins
Are transporters and specific to a cell type.
Signal transduction
Role of a membrane protein. Carries messages from the body into the cell.
Cell recognition
Role of a membrane protein. When two cells recognise each other. Protein decides whether to avoid or interact with other cells.
Inter-cellular joining
Proteins can form long lasting connections between cells.
Cytoskeleton
Network of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments that extend through the cytoplasm.
Extracellular matrix
Meshwork surrounding animal cells. consisting of glycoproteins, polysaccharides and proteogylcans synthesized and secreted by cells.
