Plasma membrane

Question 1

plasma membrane

Answer 1

the phospholipid bilayer and embedded proteins which separate the intracellular and extracellular environment

Question 2

phospholipid

Answer 2

the main molecule of which membranes are composed. They have a phosphate head and two fatty acid tails

Question 3

phospholipid bilayer

Answer 3

a double layer of amphiphilic molecules that forms the primary component of cell membranes

Question 4

hydrophilic

Answer 4

having the tendency to be attracted to and dissolved in water

Question 5

hydrophobic

Answer 5

having the tendency to repel from and be insoluble in water

Question 6

amphipathic

Answer 6

molecules with hydrophilic and hydrophobic components

Question 7

cholesterol

Answer 7

a steroid alcohol that regulates fluidity in the plasma membrane

Question 8

glycolipid

Answer 8

a phospholipid bound to a carbohydrate

Question 9

glycoprotein

Answer 9

a protein bound to a carbohydrate

Question 10

carbohydrate function

Answer 10

cell-cell communication, recognising foreign material, adhesion

Question 11

integral protein

Answer 11

a protein that is permanently secured to the plasma membrane

Question 12

transmembrane protein

Answer 12

an integral protein that spans from the intracellular to the extracellular side of the plasma membrane

Question 13

peripheral protein

Answer 13

a protein that is temporarily secured to the plasma membrane

Question 14

protein function

Answer 14

transport, enzymes, communication, adhesion

Question 15

fluid-mosaic model

Answer 15

the ‘fluid component’ comes from the continual lateral movement of the phospholipids, The ‘mosaic’ component comes from the proteins and carbohydrates embedded in the membrane.

Question 16

passive transport

Answer 16

the movement of molecules through a semipermeable membrane down the concentration gradient without an input of energy

Question 17

diffusion

Answer 17

the passive net movement of molecules down the concentration gradient (small and/or non-polar molecules)

Question 18

facilitated diffusion

Answer 18

the passive net movement of molecules down the concentration gradient through a transport protein (large and/or polar molecules)

Question 19

protein channel

Answer 19

a protein-based pore that selectively enables transport of large and/or polar molecules

Question 20

protein carrier

Answer 20

a polypeptide that undergoes conformational change to transport molecules

Question 21

osmosis

Answer 21

the passive net movement of water through a semipermeable membrane down the concentration gradient

Question 22

hypertonic

Answer 22

high solute concentration

Question 23

hypotonic

Answer 23

low solute concentration

Question 24

isotonic

Answer 24

equal solute concentration

Question 25

active transport

Answer 25

the movement of molecules across a semipermeable membrane that requires an input of energy

Question 26

bulk transport

Answer 26

active transport that uses vesicles to moves large molecules in or out of the cell

Question 27

vesicle

Answer 27

a small fluid filled organelle enclosed in a phospholipid membrane that transports substances around the cell

Question 28

ribosome

Answer 28

site of protein synthesis

Question 29

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 29

folds and transports protein

Question 30

golgi body

Answer 30

modifies and packages proteins

Question 31

lysosome

Answer 31

a vesicle containing digestive enzymes

Question 32

mitochondria

Answer 32

site of ATP synthesis

Question 33

endocytosis steps

Answer 33

Transport, fuse, secrete

Question 34

exocytosis steps

Answer 34

Fold, trap, bud