Nucleic acids and proteins

Question 1

Protein (polypeptide)

Answer 1

A biomacromolecule made of amino acids folded into a 3D shape

Question 2

Proteome

Answer 2

The entire set of proteins expressed by an organism at a given time

Question 3

Enzyme

Answer 3

An organic catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions

Question 4

Transport protein

Answer 4

Moves substances across membranes or around organisms

Question 5

Structural protein

Answer 5

Supports cell and tissue shape

Question 6

Receptor protein

Answer 6

Binds to signaling molecules resulting in a change in cell activity

Question 7

Amino acid structure

Answer 7

Amino group (NH2), R-group (CHR), carboxyl group (COOH)

Question 8

Condensation reaction

Answer 8

Two small molecules form one and water is a byproduct

Question 9

Primary structure

Answer 9

The order of amino acids in a chain (peptide bonds)

Question 10

Secondary structure

Answer 10

Folding and coiling of a section within a polypeptide chain (H-bonds) to form alpha helices and beta pleated sheets

Question 11

Tertiary structure

Answer 11

The overall 3D structure of a protein (H-bonds, disulphide bridges)

Question 12

Protein structure aqueous environment

Answer 12

Hydrophobic R-groups interior and hydrophilic R-groups exterior

Question 13

Quaternary structure

Answer 13

Polypeptide chains bond together, or prosthetic groups are added to form a fully functional protein

Question 14

Prosthetic group

Answer 14

A non-protein group bound to a protein eg a vitamin or ion