plants test Flashcards
describe cuticles
protects plant; waxy layer that coats most of the surface that expose to air; keep plants from drying out; thickness varies-depends where plant lives
describe cell wall
surrounds plant cell; outside cell membrane; cellulose; supports & protects the plant cell; when wall forms cell cannot grow larger
describe photosynthesis
chlorophyll inside chloroplasts; autotrophs; process that chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight to make food from water and carbon dioxide
green pigment that captured energy from sunlight
chlorophyll
sexual reproduction
gametophyte
two stages in plant life
sporophyte & gametophyte
most plants reproduce
asexually
make spores
sporophyte
spores that grow
gametophyte
example of nonvascular plants
mosses, liverworts, hornworts
example of vascular plants
flowers, plants with vascular tissues
plant that does not have specialized tissues to move water and nutrients through the plant
nonvascular plants
what do nonvascular plants depend on to move materials
diffusion
plant that has tissues to deliver water and nutrients from part of the plant to another
vascular plant
non-flowing seed plant
gymnosperm
flowing seed plants
angiosperms
example of seedless plant
fern, club moss, horse tails
latin meaning for GYMNOsperms
naked
what is the scientific name for leaves
cotelydus
what do angiosperms have
flowers
characteristics of nonvascular plants
not reproduce seeds, very short & small
large tube that carries water and nutrients to top of root
xylem
smaller tube that carries organic and inorganic nutrients in all directions
phloem
occurs when pollen moves from anthers to stigma
pollination
when the sperm fuses with the egg
fertilization
type of tissue and vascular plants that supports the plant in holds water and nutrients from the root
xylem
tissue in vascular plants that holds food
phloem
male reproductive structure of the flower that makes Pollen and has anther at the top of the filament
stamen
female reproductive structure of the flower that make seed and has an ovary, style, and stigma
pistil
flower structure that produces pollen
anther
what in the flower allows carbon dioxide to enter
Stomata
what are three functions of the stem
support the plant body, transport materials, store materials
what type of stem is soft, thin, and flexible, and example would be a poppy
herbaceous
what stems are made of wood and bark in an example would be a tree
woody
pollen can be carried by _____ and ______
wind or animal pollinators
in fertilization sperm meets the egg and creates
embryo
after fertilization plants create a
1) embryo
2) cotyledon(seed leaves) food for baby plant
3) seed coat- protection for seed
before the embryo starts to grow it is
dormant
rootlike structure that holds Nonvascular plants in place
rhizoid
non-vascular plants live in places that are
damp
underground stem from new leaves/roots grown
rhizome
soap, Turpintine, paint, Ink
resin
angiosperms are used to make
Medicine, rubbers, perfume oil’s, clothing, and rope
angiosperms are divided into what two classes
Monocots and eudicots
four common characteristics all plants share
cuticles, cell walls, photosynthesis, alteration of generation
how can plants be attractive to pollinators
brightly, colored, fragrant flowers use animals to Pollinate
what pollinators do you use if you have a dull, unscented flower
Wind
modified leaves, cover and protect the flower before it opens
sepals
bright and colorful; designed to attract pollinators
petals
male reproductive parts; contain filaments and anthers
stamens
female reproductive parts; stigma, style, ovary with ouvles
pistils
where does the pollen tube grow
down style to the ovule (inside the ovary)
after fertilization ovule develops into a
Seed
what does the seed contain
Embryo, cotyledons, seed coat
what part of the seed becomes a fruit
ovary
The process by which plants release water vapor into the air through stoma
Transpiration
The process by which plants, Algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food
photosynthesis
water enters the leaf through
The stem
Energy from the sun absorbed by
Clorophyll
glucose and oxygen are created in the
chloroplasts
oxygen is released through the
stomata
equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O ——> C6H12O6 + 6O2
—–> is light energy
what are some of roots we can eat
carrots, sweet potato, potato, turnips
what are some leaves we can eat
lettuce, spinach, kale
what are some flowers we can eat
artichoke, Cauliflower, broccoli
what are some fruit we can eat
avocado, tomato, olives, egg plant, squash
what are some stems we can eat
cinnamon, celery, sugarcane, asparagus
what are some seeds we can eat
pomegranate, peanuts, Edamame,black pepper, mustard
how are plants originated
green alga
how are green alga and fern related
same kind of chlorophyll, Similar cell walls, make their own food through photosynthesis, store energy in the form of starch, have a two-stage lifecycle
young plant
Sporophyte
thin stalk on the stamen
filament
sac like structure that produces pollen,
anther
Tip of the pistil
stigma
Long slender part of the pistil
style
each______ contains an egg
ovule
what develops into a fruit
ovary
what are some other methods of reproduction
plantlets, tubers, runners
tiny plants grow on the edges of the plant sleeps. These fall off and grow on their own
plantlets
underground stems, can produce new plants after a dormant season
tubers
above – ground stems from which new plants can grow
runners
anything that causes a reaction or change in an organism or any part of an organism
stimulus
A chemical that may cause cells to react in certain ways
hormone
The tendency of a plant to go toward light is caused by a group of plant hormones
auxins
increase in length
elongate
a plant hormone used to ripen fruit
ethylene
growth of all or part of organism in response to an exterior stimulus, such as light
tropism
A change in direction of the growth of a plant in response to light
Phototropism
change in Direction of the growth of a plant in response to gravity
gravitropism
what controls tropism
stimulus
