plants review Flashcards
plant cells are organized into…
tissues and organs
chlorophyll
traps energy in sunlight
What are the two large groups into which plants are classified?
divisions
what characteristics are divisions based on?
how water and dissolved nutrients are moved throughout the plant
what are the two divisions?
tracheophytes and bryophytes
are tracheophytes vascular plants?
yes
are bryophytes vascular plants?
no
do bryophytes and tracheophytes have cell walls?
yes
do tracheophytes have a system of connecting tubes?
yes
do bryophytes have a system of connecting tubes?
no
do tracheophytes have true roots, stems, and leaves?
yes
do bryophytes have true roots, stems, and leaves?
no
can bryophytes and tracheophytes make their own food?
yes
which division do mosses belong to?
bryophytes
which division do trees belong to?
tracheophytes
are bryophytes simple plants?
yes
are tracheophytes simple plants?
no
are bryophytes complex plants?
no
are tracheophytes complex plants?
yes
which division do liverworts belong to?
bryophyte
which division do roses belong to?
tracheophyte
which division do ferns belong to?
tracheophyte
What is the difference between vascular & nonvascular plants?
vascular plants have transport tubes, nonvascular plants don’t.
what is a vascular system?
a system of connecting tubes.
autotroph
organism that produces their own food
eukaryotes
cells that have a nucleus
adaptations for living on land
Need to obtain WATER & OTHER NUTRIENTS.
ex. Algae- from H2O that surrounds them.
ex. Flower- from H2O in soil.
Cuticle
transparent waxy layer that covers leaves.
Holds H2O in & Lets sunlight through.
Transport Material
for growth and development
Nonvascular or Bryophytes-
no ROOTS , STEMS or LEAVES.
Grow in DAMP & shady areas in or near WATER.
Height- a few cm tall.
Vascular or Tracheophytes-
have roots, stems & leaves.
Provide support (like a skeleton).
c. Height- can grow tall
Vascular tissue function
transports materials
Makes up the cell wall:
cellulose
function of the cell wall:
protection & support
Function of the chloroplasts:
hold and store the chlorophyll
Where does photosynthesis take place?
in the leaves
Vascular Plants belong to division…
tracheophyta
Vascular plants have true…
roots, stems, and leaves
Examples from tracheophyta:
trees, flowers, vegetable plants
Nonvascular plants belong to division…
bryophyta
Nonvascular plants lack true
roots, stems, and leaves
Nonvascular plants get their water & nutrients by…
cell to cell contact
Examples from bryophyta:
moss, liverwort, and hornwort.
stems functions
transport
support
store food
roots functions
anchor plant
transport
store food
leaves functions
photosynthesis
gas exchange
transport
anchor plant function
hold plant in the ground
absorption function
takes in H2O and nutrients from soil
fibrous root
many thin branched roots that grab the soil.
ex: onion
tap root
one large root with think extensions that grow from it
ex: carrot
prop root
a root that grows from a stem above the ground
ex: corn stalk
how many layers are there in roots
3
outer layer of a root (EPIDERMIS LAYER)
single layer of cells that absorb H2O
root hairs
extend from the outer layer/epidermis layer and increase surface area for absorption
middle layer of a root
stores food and H2O
inner layer of a root
transports material through transport tubes
2 types of transport tubes
xylem and phloem
xylem
transports h2o and nutrients from roots to the leaves.
phloem
transports food down from the leaves
root tip
end of the tip. new roots grow here and grow down
root cap
cup chaped cells that cover the root tip (helmet)
2 types of plant stems
herbaceous and woody
Herbaceous Stems-
- soft, smooth & green.
- usually do not grow taller than 2 meters. Plants with these stems
- grow during spring & summer & then die.
ex; Tomato & bean plants
Woody Stems-
- thick & rough
- may live for many growing seasons. They grow taller & wider each year.
ex; all trees
The outer layer of a woody stem is the…
bark
Extra water evaporates into the air through the…
leaves
three examples of plants with herbaceous stems.
tulips, daisy , orchids
three examples of plants with woody stems.
pine tree, oak tree, palm tree
Only
I
Can
See
Hicksville
Anytime
Outer bark
Inner bark
Cambium
Sapwood
Heartwood
Annular rings
Chlorophyll can be found in the…
palisade and spongy layers
heartwood
inactive xylem
sapwood
active xylem
palisade layer
long, narrow densely packed cells in the upper part of the
mesophyll. This is the main site for photosynthesis in the leaf.
spongy layer
loosely packed cells on the lower part of the mesophyll.
Food making also occurs here, but not as much as the palisade layer.
angiosperms
flowers and fruits
what does a fern use to reproduce
spores
the leaf of a fern is called a…
frond
