Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BB10005 > Plants, Organs, Tissues, Cells and Meristems > Flashcards

Plants, Organs, Tissues, Cells and Meristems Flashcards

1
Q

3 plant organs

A

roots
stems
leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

root functions

A

anchors plant
absorbs minerals and water
stores carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Primary root

A

first root (and organ) to emerge from a germinating seed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

taproot system

A

most eudicots and gymnosperms have one, consists of a taproot and lateral roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

taproot

A

main vertical root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lateral roots (taproot system)

A

or branch roots, that arise from the taproot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fibrous root system

A

Most monocots have one, consists of adventitious roots and lateral roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adventitious roots

A

arise from stem or leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lateral roots (fibrous)

A

arise from adventitious roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why does absorption of water and minerals happen at root hairs

A

Incr SA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Prop roots

A

hala tree- tall and heavy

roots for support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Buttress roots

A

Tropical forests, root systems of trees are very shallow

Aerial (above ground) roots form buttress structures to support the tree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

‘strangling’ aerial roots

A

seeds of strangler fig germinate in the branches of tall trees, send aerial roots into the soil
Eventually host tree dies through shading by fig leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pneumatophores

A

Mangroves produce these negatively geotropic roots to get O2 which is lacking in the mud they grow in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Storage roots

A

Sugar beet storage roots store water and sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

stem consists of

A

alternating system of nodes, points at which leaves are attached
Internodes, stem segments between nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Axillary bud

A

potential to form a lateral shoot, or branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Apical bud

A

or terminal bud

near shoot tip and causes elongation of a young shoot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Rhizome (stem mistaken for root)

A

Horizontal shoots that grow just below surface

in Iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Stolons (mistaken for roots)

A

Strawberry plant

Horizontal shoots that grow along soil surface and allow asexual reproduction of plantlets at nodules along the stolon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Tubers

A

enlarged end of rhizomes or stolons for storing food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Bulbs

A

eg onion

vertical underground shoots that store food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

leaves

A

consist of flattened blade and stalk called the petiole, which joins the leaf to a node of the stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Monocots

A

have parallel veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Eudicots
Have branching veins
26
3 leaf shapes
simple leaf, compound leaf, doubly compound leaf
27
Tendrils
Modified leaves that plants use to cling to objects Once attached the tendril coils pulling teh plant closer to the support Pea plants Some tendrils are modified stems
28
Spines
Modified leaves | In cacti PS carried out in fleshy green stem (not spines/leaves)
29
Storage leaves
eg in ice plant store water
30
Reproductive leaves
reproductive leaves of some succulents eg kalanchoe form adventitious plantlets that fall off and take root in the soil
31
Dermal tissue
protective layer (outermost)
32
Vascular tissue
continuous transport system arranged differently in each organ (innermost)
33
Ground tissue
where most metabolic functions take place (middle)
34
Nonwoody plants
Dermal tissue system is a single tissue called the epidermis | A waxy coating called the cuticle helps prevent water loss from epidermis
35
Woody plants
Protective tissues called periderm replace epidermis in older regions of stems and roots Trichomes are outgrowths of the shoot epidermis and can help with insect defence
36
Vascular tissue system
Carries out long distance transport of materials between roots and shoots
37
2 vascular tissues
xylem and phloem
38
xylem
water and dissolved minerals upward roots to shoots
39
Phloem
Transports organic nutrients from where made to where needed
40
stele
vascular system of stem or root
41
Ground tissue system
tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular
42
Pith
ground tissue internal to vascular tissue
43
Cortex
ground tissue external to the vascular tissue
44
Ground tissue includes cells specialised for
storage, PS, support
45
Parenchyma
``` have thin and flexible primary walls Lack secondary walls The least specialised Perform the most metabolic functions Retain the ability to divide and differentiate ```
46
Components of parenchyma
large central vacuole In leaves they contain chloroplasts In stems and roots they contain colourless plastids that store starch (amyloplasts) Can differentiate into other types of cells Entire plant can be grown from a parenchyma cell
47
Collenchyma cells
grouped in strands and help support young parts of the plant shoot Thicker and uneven walls Lack secondary walls Cells provide flexible support without restraining growth Elongated living flexible cells grouped in bundles/layers that provide support to young stems
48
sclerenchyma cells
rigid due to thick secondary cell walls strengthened by lignin Dead at maturity Two types: sclereids and fibers
49
sclereids
short and irregular thick lignified secondary walls Impart hardness to seed coats and nut shells, and texture to pear fruits
50
Fibers
long and slender and arranged in threads
51
water conducting cells of the xylem
at maturity the cells die, contents disintegrate leaving lignin-hardened CW 2 types: tracheids and vessel elements
52
Tracheids
long, thin with tapered ends Movement of water between them via pits found in xylem of almost all vascular plants
53
Vessel elements
wider, shorter, thinner walled, less tapered than tracheids Movement of H2O between vessel elements through perforated end walls. Align end to end to form long micropipes called vessels
54
sugar-conducting cells of the phloem
sieve tube elements, alive at functional maturity
55
sieve tube elements lack
nucleus, ribosmes, vacuole and cytoskeleton, allows them to conduct nutrients
56
Sieve plates
porous end walls that allow fluid to flow between cells along the sieve tube
57
companion cell
along each sieve tube element non-conducting Nucleus and ribosome serve both cells In some plants they load sucrose into the sieve tube elements
58
Meristems
generate cells for P and S growth
59
indeterminate growth
plant can grow throughout its life
60
determinate growth
some plant organs eg leaves, flowers cease to grow at a certain size
61
Apical meristems
at tips of roots and shoots and at axillary buds of shoots Elongate shoots and roots, primary growth In non woody plants primary growth produces virtually all the plant body
62
Lateral meristems
In woody plants add thickness to shoots and roots, known as secondary growth Two lateral meristems: vascular cambium and cork cambium
63
vascular cambium
adds vascular tissue layers called secondary xylem (wood), and secondary phloem
64
Cork cambium
replaces epidermis with periderm, which is thicker and tougher
65
primary growth of roots
root tip covered by root cap, protects apical meristem as root pushes through soil Growth occurs behind root tip in 3 zones of cells: zone of cell division, elongation and differentiation
66
in eudicots root
xylem and phloem at centre | Stele is a vascular cylinder and xylem often has starlike appearance with phloem between the 'arms'
67
In moncots root
root has parenchyma at centre | core of parenchyma surrounded by rings of xylem then phloem
68
How do lateral roots arise
From within the pericyle, the outermost layer in the vascular cylinder
69
primary growth of shoots
shoot apical meristem is a dome shaped mass of dividing cells at the shoot tip
70
primary growth of shoots
shoot apical meristem is a dome shaped mass of dividing cells at the shoot tip Leaves develop from leaf primordia along the sides of the apical meristem Axillary buds develop from meristematic cells left at the bses of leaf primordia Axillary buds give rise to lateral shoots
71
Eudicot stems
vascular tissue has vascular bundles in a ring
72
Monocot stems
Vascular bundles scattered throughout the ground tissue
73
tissue organisation of leaves
Leaf epidermis has stomata, which allow CO2 and O2 exchange between air and Photosynthetic cells, and release H2O Each stoma flanked by 2 guard cells, regulate opening and closing
74
Mesophyll
Ground tissue in a leaf | Two layers in eudicots: palisade mesophyll, spongy " (allows for GE)

BB10005 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions