Plants and Animals Flashcards
innate
Coded for in genes
Learned behaviour
From experience/teaching
taxis
Directional movement of animal towards (+)or away from (-) a stimulus
kinesis
Non-directional movement of an animal due to change in intensity of a stimulus
tropism
Directional growth response of part of a plant towards (+) or away from (-) a stimulus
nasty
Rapid reversible non- directional movement of part of a plant
photo-
light
ortho
Rate of movement
klino
Rate of turning
thermo-
heat
hydro-
water/humidity
geo- or gravi-
gravity
chemo-
Chemicals (food etc)
thigmo-
touch
rheo-
current
auxin
is a plant hormone that tiggers differential growth of plant cells when present
homing
Ability of an animal to find its way home even over unfamiliar ground, this requires navigation and migration
migration
regular mass movement of a population from one geographically defined location to another and back again (between habitats)
navigation
Use of environmental cues for orientation
Solar compass
Using sun’s position in the sky, also requires internal timing mechanism
Stellar compass
Using position of constellations in the sky, also requires internal timing mechanism
Magnetic compass
Using Earth’s magnetic compass to orientate
Rhythm
Regular pattern of behaviour - may be endogenous or exogenous
Biological clock
Internal timing mechanism
endogenous
Rhythm (pattern of behaviour) controlled by biological clock, not reliant on environmental cues
exogenous
Rhythm (pattern of behaviour) reliant of environmental cues - will not persist without them
Free running period
Length of time between beginning of one activity period and the next, only in endogenous rhythms
zeitgeber
Environment cue which triggers activity
Phase shift
Change in phasing of a circadian rhythm usually because of change in environment
entrainment
What an environmental cue/zeitgeber can do to a rhythm, as in sunrise is the zeitgeber that entrains the human endogenous rhythm
circalunar
Approx monthly