Plants Flashcards
How would you describe a plant?
Photosynthetic
Autotrophic
Eukaryotes
Have cell walls
What is dessication?
Loss of moisture
What does it mean if a plant is poikilohydric?
It can tolerate dessication, not damaged
What does it mean if a plant is homiohydric?
It regulates its internal water balance and uses water proofing and water retaining methods to avoid dessication. Damaged if water balance not maintained
What are some water proofing/retaining methods?
Vascular tissue
Stomata
Upper cuticle
Thick leaves (internal air spaces)
What are the two kinds of vascular tissue?
Xylem
Phloem
What does xylem do?
Carries water and minerals
What does phloem do?
Carries sugars produced by plant
Does xylem use single or multidirectional transport?
Single
Does phloem use single or multidirectional transport?
Multi
What is the cuticle?
Thick, waxy, protective film covering the epidermis of leaves
What is stomata?
Tiny holes found on the underside of leaves, used to control water loss and gas exchange
What is the role of internal airspaces in leaves?
Reduce the surface area, making it less exposed, less risk of drying out. Gas exchange may also occur internally within pockets
What adaptations have land plants formed to aid with acquisition of nutrients?
- Roots
- Vascular tissue
- Stomata
What adaptations have land plants formed to aid with gravity?
- Rigid cell walls
- Supportive tissues (wood, roots, etc.)
- Xylem
What adaptations have land plants formed to aid with light radiation?
- Thick, waxy cuticle
2. Thicker leaves with internal air pockets
Sporophytes produce…
Spores
Gametophytes produce…
Gametes
Diploid (2n) best describes which stage of the plant lifecycle?
Sporotophyte
Haploid (1n) best describes which stage of the plant lifecycle?
Gametophyte
What adaptations have land plants utilized to help with offspring dispersal?
- Use of wind
- Self dispersal
- Use of animals
- Water
Which cells enable the stomata to contact and expand?
Guard cells
Are cells in xylem living or dead?
Dead
Are cells in phloem living or dead?
Living
Describe monophyletic groupings?
A group of organisms and their common ancestor, form a single clade and have shared derived traits
What are synamorphies?
Shared derived traits
Describe paraphyletic groupings?
A grouping that does not include all descendants of a common ancestor
Describe polyphyletic groupings?
A grouping that does not include the common ancestor
What is a phragmoplast?
A structure created for support between dividing plant cells
Examples of Bryophyta?
Mosses
Liverworts
Hornsworts
Examples of Monilophyta?
Ferns
Lycophytes
Pteridophytes
What is another name for the ‘naked seed’ plants?
Gymnosperms
What is another name for the ‘flowering plants’?
Angiosperms
What classifications are homiohydric, vascular and sporophyte dominant?
- Monilophyta
- Gymnosperms
- Angiosperms
Which classification is poikilohydric, non-vascular and gametophyte dominant?
Bryophyta
Which one classification produces flowers?
Angiosperms
Which classifications use water for fertilisation?
Bryophyta
Monilophyta
Which classifications use spores for dispersal?
Bryophyta
Monilophyta
Which classifications use seeds for dispersal?
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Which classification is dependent on wind for fertilisation?
Gymnosperms
Which classification uses wind, animals and mechanical means for fertilisation?
Angiosperms
Angiosperms have a co-evolutionary relationship with animals, what is an example of this?
- Pollination
2. Seed dispersal
