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Concepts of Biology > Plants > Flashcards

Plants Flashcards

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1
Q

How would you describe a plant?

A

Photosynthetic
Autotrophic
Eukaryotes
Have cell walls

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2
Q

What is dessication?

A

Loss of moisture

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3
Q

What does it mean if a plant is poikilohydric?

A

It can tolerate dessication, not damaged

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4
Q

What does it mean if a plant is homiohydric?

A

It regulates its internal water balance and uses water proofing and water retaining methods to avoid dessication. Damaged if water balance not maintained

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5
Q

What are some water proofing/retaining methods?

A

Vascular tissue
Stomata
Upper cuticle
Thick leaves (internal air spaces)

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6
Q

What are the two kinds of vascular tissue?

A

Xylem

Phloem

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7
Q

What does xylem do?

A

Carries water and minerals

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8
Q

What does phloem do?

A

Carries sugars produced by plant

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9
Q

Does xylem use single or multidirectional transport?

A

Single

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10
Q

Does phloem use single or multidirectional transport?

A

Multi

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11
Q

What is the cuticle?

A

Thick, waxy, protective film covering the epidermis of leaves

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12
Q

What is stomata?

A

Tiny holes found on the underside of leaves, used to control water loss and gas exchange

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13
Q

What is the role of internal airspaces in leaves?

A

Reduce the surface area, making it less exposed, less risk of drying out. Gas exchange may also occur internally within pockets

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14
Q

What adaptations have land plants formed to aid with acquisition of nutrients?

A
  1. Roots
  2. Vascular tissue
  3. Stomata
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15
Q

What adaptations have land plants formed to aid with gravity?

A
  1. Rigid cell walls
  2. Supportive tissues (wood, roots, etc.)
  3. Xylem
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16
Q

What adaptations have land plants formed to aid with light radiation?

A
  1. Thick, waxy cuticle

2. Thicker leaves with internal air pockets

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17
Q

Sporophytes produce…

A

Spores

18
Q

Gametophytes produce…

A

Gametes

19
Q

Diploid (2n) best describes which stage of the plant lifecycle?

A

Sporotophyte

20
Q

Haploid (1n) best describes which stage of the plant lifecycle?

A

Gametophyte

21
Q

What adaptations have land plants utilized to help with offspring dispersal?

A
  1. Use of wind
  2. Self dispersal
  3. Use of animals
  4. Water
22
Q

Which cells enable the stomata to contact and expand?

A

Guard cells

23
Q

Are cells in xylem living or dead?

A

Dead

24
Q

Are cells in phloem living or dead?

A

Living

25
Q

Describe monophyletic groupings?

A

A group of organisms and their common ancestor, form a single clade and have shared derived traits

26
Q

What are synamorphies?

A

Shared derived traits

27
Q

Describe paraphyletic groupings?

A

A grouping that does not include all descendants of a common ancestor

28
Q

Describe polyphyletic groupings?

A

A grouping that does not include the common ancestor

29
Q

What is a phragmoplast?

A

A structure created for support between dividing plant cells

30
Q

Examples of Bryophyta?

A

Mosses
Liverworts
Hornsworts

31
Q

Examples of Monilophyta?

A

Ferns
Lycophytes
Pteridophytes

32
Q

What is another name for the ‘naked seed’ plants?

A

Gymnosperms

33
Q

What is another name for the ‘flowering plants’?

A

Angiosperms

34
Q

What classifications are homiohydric, vascular and sporophyte dominant?

A
  1. Monilophyta
  2. Gymnosperms
  3. Angiosperms
35
Q

Which classification is poikilohydric, non-vascular and gametophyte dominant?

A

Bryophyta

36
Q

Which one classification produces flowers?

A

Angiosperms

37
Q

Which classifications use water for fertilisation?

A

Bryophyta

Monilophyta

38
Q

Which classifications use spores for dispersal?

A

Bryophyta

Monilophyta

39
Q

Which classifications use seeds for dispersal?

A

Gymnosperms

Angiosperms

40
Q

Which classification is dependent on wind for fertilisation?

A

Gymnosperms

41
Q

Which classification uses wind, animals and mechanical means for fertilisation?

A

Angiosperms

42
Q

Angiosperms have a co-evolutionary relationship with animals, what is an example of this?

A
  1. Pollination

2. Seed dispersal

Concepts of Biology (6 decks)

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