Plants

Question 0

Antheridium

Answer 0

Produces male gametes (sperm)

Question 1

Archegonium

Answer 1

Produces female gametes (eggs)

Question 2

Gametophyte

Answer 2

Haploid Generation producing gametes through mitosis

Question 3

Sporophyte

Answer 3

(Dominant in vascular plants) Diploid plant generation produces spores

Question 4

Spore

Answer 4

Haploid reproductive structures

Question 5

Protonema

Answer 5

Filamentous immature gametophyte stage

Question 6

Capsule

Answer 6

Sporangium- spore producing

Question 7

Peristome

Answer 7

“Teeth” regulates operculum discharge from capsule

Question 8

Hyaline cell

Answer 8

Hollow, dead at maturity, water retaining for Sphagnum

Question 9

Sporopollenin

Answer 9

Very stable polymer of plant spores and pollen

Exact composition is unknown

Question 10

Thalloid

Answer 10

Body of a fungus

Question 11

Indusium

Answer 11

Membranous tissue covering sori

Question 12

Sorus

Answer 12

Cluster of spore producing receptacles underneath frond of ferns

Question 13

Strobilus

Answer 13

Cone of a conifer

Question 14

Xylem

Answer 14

System of vascular tissue
Water/mineral transport
Walls reinforced with Lignin
Transpiration

Question 15

Phloem

Answer 15

System of vascular tissue
Sugar transport
Living cells

Question 16

Stomata

Answer 16

Openings through cuticle to allow gas diffusion in/out of leaves

Question 17

Heterosporous

Answer 17

Plants having micro (sperm) and mega (eggs) sporangia

Question 18

Homosporous

Answer 18

Creates single size and sex spores

Question 19

4 derived traits of Plantae

Answer 19

Multicellular
Eukaryotic
Primarily terrestrial
(Oxygenic) photoautotrophic

Question 20

4 primitive features of Bryophytes

Answer 20

Non vascular
Flagellate sperm require water to reach egg
Seedless- spore dispersal only
Gametophyte is dominant life stage

Question 21

What distinguishes 3 phyla of Bryophytes in terms of growth?

Answer 21

The gametophyte stage is dominant

Produces gametes in antheridia and archegonium

Question 22

Seta

Answer 22

Stalk that supports and provides nutrients for capsule

Question 23

What affects can Sphagnum have on soil conditions?

Answer 23

Sphagnum can retard nutrient cycling and decomposition

Question 24

4 features of vascular plants

Answer 24

Vascular tissue Stomata Water-proof cuticle Below-ground roots

Question 25

How long ago did vascular plants first appear? What fossil evidence?

Answer 25

420 million years ago | Cooksonia

Question 26

2 extant phyla of vascular plants

Answer 26

Lychophytes: club mosses Monilophytes: ferns, horsetails

Question 27

What geological period did seedless vascular plants reach their greatest abundance and diversity?

Answer 27

Carboniferous

Question 28

What feature characterizes the supergroup Unikonta?

Answer 28

Singular posterior flagellum

Question 29

How do fungi feed differently form animals?

Answer 29

They don't break down their food and they absorb the nutrients

Question 30

Defining structures that (sexually) produce spores in Ascomycota and Basidiomycota

Answer 30

A: ascus B: basidium

Question 31

5 phyla of fungi

Answer 31

``` Chytridiomycota Basidiomycota Zygomycota Glomermycota Ascomycota ```

Question 32

What two groups of organisms form the mutualistic relationship known as Lichen?

Answer 32

Ascomycetes and Green Algae