Plants Flashcards
Antheridium
Produces male gametes (sperm)
Archegonium
Produces female gametes (eggs)
Gametophyte
Haploid Generation producing gametes through mitosis
Sporophyte
(Dominant in vascular plants) Diploid plant generation produces spores
Spore
Haploid reproductive structures
Protonema
Filamentous immature gametophyte stage
Capsule
Sporangium- spore producing
Peristome
“Teeth” regulates operculum discharge from capsule
Hyaline cell
Hollow, dead at maturity, water retaining for Sphagnum
Sporopollenin
Very stable polymer of plant spores and pollen
Exact composition is unknown
Thalloid
Body of a fungus
Indusium
Membranous tissue covering sori
Sorus
Cluster of spore producing receptacles underneath frond of ferns
Strobilus
Cone of a conifer
Xylem
System of vascular tissue
Water/mineral transport
Walls reinforced with Lignin
Transpiration
Phloem
System of vascular tissue
Sugar transport
Living cells
Stomata
Openings through cuticle to allow gas diffusion in/out of leaves
Heterosporous
Plants having micro (sperm) and mega (eggs) sporangia
Homosporous
Creates single size and sex spores
4 derived traits of Plantae
Multicellular
Eukaryotic
Primarily terrestrial
(Oxygenic) photoautotrophic
4 primitive features of Bryophytes
Non vascular
Flagellate sperm require water to reach egg
Seedless- spore dispersal only
Gametophyte is dominant life stage
What distinguishes 3 phyla of Bryophytes in terms of growth?
The gametophyte stage is dominant
Produces gametes in antheridia and archegonium
Seta
Stalk that supports and provides nutrients for capsule
What affects can Sphagnum have on soil conditions?
Sphagnum can retard nutrient cycling and decomposition
4 features of vascular plants
Vascular tissue
Stomata
Water-proof cuticle
Below-ground roots
How long ago did vascular plants first appear? What fossil evidence?
420 million years ago
Cooksonia
2 extant phyla of vascular plants
Lychophytes: club mosses
Monilophytes: ferns, horsetails
What geological period did seedless vascular plants reach their greatest abundance and diversity?
Carboniferous
What feature characterizes the supergroup Unikonta?
Singular posterior flagellum
How do fungi feed differently form animals?
They don’t break down their food and they absorb the nutrients
Defining structures that (sexually) produce spores in Ascomycota and Basidiomycota
A: ascus
B: basidium
5 phyla of fungi
Chytridiomycota Basidiomycota Zygomycota Glomermycota Ascomycota
What two groups of organisms form the mutualistic relationship known as Lichen?
Ascomycetes and Green Algae
