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Biology > Phylogeny And Stuff > Flashcards

Phylogeny And Stuff Flashcards

0
Q

Taxonomy

A

Classifying and naming organisms

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1
Q

Phylogenetics

A

Evolutionary relationships of organisms

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2
Q

Clade

A

Group or organisms with a unique derived trait- includes ancestral taxon

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3
Q

Monophyletic

A

Clade

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4
Q

Polyphyletic

A

Includes similar but not closely related forms

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5
Q

Paraphyletic

A

Includes some but not all forms

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6
Q

Homologous traits

A

Common ancestor
Molded in a different way
Reflects adaptation to environment

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7
Q

Analogous traits

A

Convergent evolution
Perform similar functions
Penguin flipper vs. fish fin

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8
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms of life?

A 
Anamalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista
Monera
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9
Q

Sequence of taxonomic categories:

A 
Kingdom 
Phyla
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Specific epithet
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10
Q

What are the three domains of life?

A

Eukarya
Bacteria
Archaea

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11
Q

Distinguishing traits of archaea

A

Cell walls don’t have Peptidoglycan
Some have histones
Antibiotic response is negative

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12
Q

What type of habitats do archaeans inhabit?

A

Extremely hot
Extreme saline (halophiles)
Anaerobic aquatic sediments (methanogens)

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13
Q

Bacteria cells: (vs eukaryotes)

A

Peptidoglycan in cell walls
Flagella- apparatus-rotary motion
DNA plasmids
Rapid cell cycle

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14
Q

Eukaryotes: (vs bacteria)

A

No Peptidoglycan
Flagella micro tubule
DNA membrane enclosed nucleus
Mitosis/meiosis

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15
Q

Gram positive

A

Binds with Peptidoglycan

16
Q

Gram negative

A

Thin layer of Peptidoglycan and extra membrane interfere with stain uptake

17
Q

What is the mode of action of the antibiotic penicillin?

A

Interferes with the Peptidoglycan

18
Q

Chemosynthetic

A

Energy is not from light but oxidation of inorganic compounds

19
Q

Photosynthetic

A

Oxygenic: oxygen is a by product

Non oxygenic: elemental sulfur is produced

20
Q

Photoheterotrophs

A

Require organic carbon source

Perform photosynthesis

21
Q

Chemoheterotrophs

A

Require organic energy and carbon source

22
Q

What constraints characterize nitrogen fixation?

A

Energy- lighting, industry, volcanos
Environment: anoxic or hypoxic
Enzyme: nitrogenase

23
Q

Free living nitrogen fixing bacteria

A

Cyanophytes

24
Q

Mutualistic heterotrophic nitrogen fixing bacteria

A

Rhizobia

Biology (7 decks)

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