Plants Flashcards
What is the distribution of Avecennia germinans?
Neotopical and West Africa
What is the common name of Avecennia germinans?
Black mangrove
What is the disperser of Avicennia germinans?
Water
What is the pollinator of Avicennia germinans?
Small insects
What is special about Avicennia germinans?
Found in high salinity water (excretes it) and it’s crytovivaporous
How do you identify Avicennia germinans?
Petioles that don’t have glands
What is the family for Avicennia germinans?
Acanthaceae
What is the family for Monstera tenuis?
Araceae
What is the distribution for Monstera tenuis?
Neptropical, up to 1800 m
What pollinates Monstera tenuis?
Small insects (beetles)
What disperses Monstera tenuis?
Birds
What is special about Monstera tenuis?
Skototrophic, calcium oxate, hemiepiphyte
What is the family of Acrocomia aculeata?
Aracaceae
What is the Latin name of the coyal palm tree?
Acrocomia aculeata
What is the distribution of Acrocomia aculeata?
Likely brought to CR by native Americans, neotropical
What is the pollinator of Acrocomia aculeata?
Trigona bees
What is the disperser of Acrocomia aculeata?
Cattle
What is special about Acrocomia aculeata?
Monoecious, early successional plant
What is the common name of Cocos nucifera?
Coconut palm
What is the family of Cocus nucifera?
Arecaceae
What is the pollinator of Cocos nucifera?
Trigona bees
What is the disperser of Cocos nucifera?
Water
What is the distribution of Cocos nucifera?
Pan tropical (and some sub tropical)
What is special about Cocos nucifera?
Monoecious, fruit year round, poor competitor, lives in harsh conditions
What is the common name of Elaeis guineensis?
African oil palm
What is the family of Elaeis guineensis?
Arecaceae
What is the distribution of Elaeis guineensis?
Originally W. Africa, now in many more areas
What is the pollinator of Elaeia guineensis?
Trigona bees
What is the disperser of Elaesis guineensis?
Birds and mammals (rodents)
What is special about Elaesis guineensis?
Needs lots of freshwater, monocropped, monocot
What is the family of Crescentia alata?
Bignoniaceae
What is the distribution of Crescentia alata?
Southern Mexico to Panama
What is the disperser for Crescentia alata?
Horses, was plestocene megafauna
What is the leaf of Crescentia alata like?
Trifoliate, no petiole (sessile), winged rachus, whorled
What is the pollinator of of Crescentia alata?
Bats
What is the family for Aechema magdalanae?
Bromeliaceae
What is the pollinator of Aechmea magdalenae?
Hummingbirds
What is the disperser of Aechmea magdalenae?
Mammals
What is the family of Bursera simbaruba?
Burseraceae
What is the common name of Bursera simaruba?
Gumbo limbo
What is the pollinator of Bursera simaruba?
Small insects
What is the disperser of Bursera simaruba?
Birds and monkeys
What is the distribution of Bursera simaruba?
Neo- and sub- tropical
What is the special about Bursera simaruba?
Peely bark Fast growing Deciduous Common in dry forrest
What is the family of Languncularia racemosa?
Combretaceae
What is the common name of Languncularia racemosa?
White mangroves
What is the disperser of Languncularia racemosa?
Water
What is the pollinator of Languncularia racemosa?
Small insects
What is the disperser of Languncularia racemosa?
Water
What is the distribution of Languncularia racemosa?
Pantropical
What is special about Languncularia racemosa?
Prop roots and pneumatophors, resistant to salt, 2 glands on petioles and leaves with lateral veins
What is the family of Terminalia catappa?
Combretaceae
What is the distribution of Terminalia catappa?
Neotropical
What is the disperser of Terminalia catappa?
Water
What is the pollinator of Terminalia catappa?
Bats
What is the seed predator of Terminalia catappa?
Scarlett macaw
What is special about Terminalia catappa?
Intertidal area, rooted above tides, terminal leafing
What is the family of Costus laevis?
Costaceae
What is the pollinator of Costus laevis?
Small insects
What is the disperser of Costus laevis?
Birds
What is the predator of Costus laevis?
Weevils
What is the distribution of Costus laevis?
Costa Rica
What is the family of Hymenaea courbaril?
Fabaceae (caesalpinioideae)
What is the distribution of of Hymenaea courbaril?
Mexico and S. America (neotropical), Pacific coast of CR up to 800m
What is the pollinator of Hymenaea courbaril?
Bats
What is the distributor of Hymenaea courbaril?
Mammals, large rodents, tapirs
What is special about Hymenaea courbaril?
Dehiscent capsules
What is the family of Mora oleifera?
Fabaceae (caesalpinioideae)
What is the pollinator of Mora oleifera?
Honey bee
What is the disperser of Mora oleifera?
water
What is the distribution of Mora oleifera?
??
What is special about Mora oleifera?
Can grow in brackish conditions, not shade tolerant, grows inn shorleines
What is the family of Vachelllia collinsii?
Fabaceae (mimosoideae)
What is the distribution of Vachellia collinsii?
Not native to CR, originally in thorny scrubs
What is the pollinator of Vachellia collinsii?
bees
What is the disperser of Vachellia collinsii?
birds
What is special about Vachellia collinsii?
obligate ant plant!
What is the family of Quercus costaricensis?
Fagaceae
What is the distribution of Quercus costaricensis?
Endemic to Talamanca mountain range and other areas in CR
What is the pollinator of Quercus costaricensis?
wind
What is the disperser for Quercus costaricensis?
squirrels
What is unique about Quercus costricensis?
Mass flowering and fruiting and its conservation story
What is the family of Lycopodium clavatum?
Lycopodiaceae (division lycohphyta)
How does Lycopodium clavatum reproduce?
Spores
How is Lycopodium clavatum dispersed?
wind
What is unique about Lycopodium clavatum?
flowerless, terrestrial or epiphytic
What is distinctive about Melastomataceae?
Opposite leaves with lateral veins and cross veins
What is the disperser of Melastomataceae?
birds
What is the pollinator of Melastomataceae?
small insects
What is the distribution of Melastomataceae?
4000 species in neotropics
What is the family of Cederla odorata?
Meliaceae
What is the distribution of Cederla odorota?
neotropical, dry forest
What is the pollinator of Cederla odorota?
small insects
What is the disperser of Cederla odorota?
wind (helicopter seeds)
What is unique about Cederla odorota?
Dishiscent capsule similar to maple; persistent pioneer that does well around humans
What is the family of Brosimum utile?
moraceae
What is the distribution of Brosimum utile?
neotropical, pacific west lowlands in CR
What is the pollinator of Brosimum utile?
small insects
What is the disperser of Brosimum utile?
birds, monkeys, rats
What is a distinguishing characteristic of Brosimum utile?
lenticles on orange roots, monoecious
What is the family for Ficus spp.?
Moraceae
What is the disperser of Ficus spp.?
birds, monkeys, bats, etc
What is the pollinator of Ficus spp.?
Fig wasp (Agaonidae)
What is unique about Ficus spp.?
Obligate mutualism with the fig wasp
What is the family of Musa acuminata?
Muscaceae
How does Musa acuminata reproduce?
Now only vegetative reproduction in agriculture
What features does Musa acuminata have?
monocot, herbaceous, pseudo-stem, constant production of fruits in wet climates
What is the family of Piper spp.?
Piperaceae
What is the pollinator of Piper spp.?
Tiny insects
What is the disperser of Piper spp.?
birds, mainly bats
What is the distribution of Piper spp.?
Neotropical
What are the characteristics of Piper spp.?
pioneer plant, one of first to grow in openings, sun loving
What is the family for Chusquea tonduzii?
Poaceae
What is the flower and pollination/dispersal like for Chusquea tonduzii?
Mast flowers and fruits every 13-15 years and then dies; pollinated/ dispersed by wind (parakeet= seed predator)
What is the distribution of Chusquea tonduzii?
Neotropical, up to 3400 m in elevation
What is the family for Eichhornia crassipes?
Pontederiaceae
What is the pollinator and disperser for Eichhornia crassipes?
Pollinator: bumble bee Disperser: ? Also vegetative reproduction (in CR)
What is the distribution for Eichhornia crassipes?
Originally from Brazil, now invasive in CR
What is the family for Acrostichum aureum?
Ferns, division pteridophyta
What is the distribution for Acrostichum aureum?
Native, found from Southern U.S. to Brazil; Neotropical
How does Acrostichum aureum reproduce?
Sporangium make spores that are mainly dispersed by air
What is the family for Rhizophora mangle?
Rhizoporaceae
What is the pollinator and distributor for Rhizophora mangle?
Pollinator: small insects Disperser: Water
What are some unique characteristics of Rhizophora mangle?
RO to keep salt out, large shiny leaves w/ no petioles or glands, prop roots w/ lentils (isopod mutualism)
What is the range of Rhizphora mangle?
Pan- and Sub-tropical
What is the family of Erythrochiton gymnathus?
Rutaceae
What is the pollinator and disperser of Erythrochiton gymnathus?
Pollinator: moth Disperser: gravity **no recruitment
What is unique about Erythrochiton gymnathus?
No recruitment, understory plant, endemic to Carara
What is the family of Manilkara zapota?
Sapotaceae
What is the distribution of Manilkara zapota?
Native to Mexico and CR
What is the pollinator and disperser of Manilkara zapota?
Pollinator: small insects Disperser: large mammals (tapirs)
What are some characteristics of Manilkara zapota?
Chicle/sap, simple alternate leaves, source of timber
What is the family for Smilax spp.?
Smiliaceae
What is the pollinator and disperser of Smilax spp.?
Pollinator: bees Disperser: birds
What is the distribution for Smilax spp.?
Worldwide tropical/temperate
What is the family of Pelliciera rhizophorae?
Tetramersitacaceae
What is the pollinator and disperser of Pelliciera rhizophorae?
Pollinator: mangrove hummingbird Disperser: water
What are some characteristics of Pelliciera rhizophorae?
leaves without petiole (sessile), bumps on side (?) of leaves, tolerates salt but not found as close to ocean
What is the family for Cecropia spp.?
Uritaceae
What is the pollinator and disperser for Cecropia spp.?
Pollinator: Trigona bees, waps, small flys Disperser: birds and bats
What is the distribution of Cecropia spp.?
neotropical, up to 2500 m in CR
What are some characteristics of Cecropia spp.?
hollow truck, mullerian bodies, facultative mutualism with ants
What is the family of Zamia fairchildiana?
Zamiaceae, division cycad
What is the pollinator and disperser of Zamia fairchildiana?
bee fertilisation of cones, dispersed by birds????
What is the distribution of Zamia fairchildiania?
Pacific wet lowlands into panama