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Lab Practical One CIEE > Climate > Flashcards

Climate Flashcards

1
Q

How does latitude impact ecosystems and rainfall?

A

Drying gradient as you go north and south

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2
Q

How doe altitude impact ecosystems?

A

Species diversity decreases and canopy height decreases (or disappears)

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3
Q

What is the result of varying altitudes and latitudes in the tropics?

A

Gradients in ecosystems (from taller

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4
Q

What are structural components of rainforests?

A

Productivity

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5
Q

What is Gross Primary Productivity (GPP)?

A

All energy captured by species or community per unit time (g/m2/yr)

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6
Q

What is Net Primary Productivity?

A

All energy store per unit time (g/m2/yr)

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7
Q

How does temperature affect productivity?

A

Plant are more productive at warm temperatures (unless over 30 deg. C)

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8
Q

How does the amount of water affect productivity?

A

Productivity increases with more water (up to 4m)

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9
Q

What does the effect of water and temperature on productivity mean for the tropics?

A

The most productive forests are found in the tropics

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10
Q

How does the length of the growing season relate to productivity?

A

A longer growing season (found close to equator) is more productive

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11
Q

What two types of forests have the highest NPP?

A

Tropical rain and seasonal forest

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12
Q

What type of forest represents almost _ of the Earth’s NPP?

A

Tropical rain forest (even though its only a small % of Earth’s surface)

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13
Q

What is biomass?

A

Total mass of standing

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14
Q

How are measurements for biomass and productivity?

A

Biomass is a measure at a set time

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15
Q

Which type of ecosystem has the most biomass?

A

Tropical rain forest

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16
Q

Where does most productivity in tropical forests come from?

A

Leaves (not wood)

17
Q

Why is there so much production of leaves in tropical rain forests compared to other forests?

A

Higher canopies

18
Q

What are the requirements of plants?

A

CO2 and h2o from atmosphere, (Ca, Mg) micronutrients (B, Co etc.) (?)

19
Q

Why are macronutrients (likely P) often deficient in the tropics?

A

Rain water will wash away nutrients (especially those that are water soluble)

20
Q

What are occlusions?

A

“Rocks” made of soil that are high in aluminum and iron (toxic for plants)

21
Q

How does tropical soil conditions affect root systems of trees?

A

Not many deep roots

22
Q

What does soil in lowland tropical rain forests provide for plants?

A

Water and support (really no nutrients)

23
Q

Why is soil quality not as poor in seasonal forests?

A

Drying season will draw nutrients back up

24
Q

Why do higher altitudes have better soils?

A

Temperature lowers rate of weathering (often also results from volcanoes)

25
Q

How have tropical plants adapted to low fertility?

A

More nutrients stored in living plants, more biomass as roots, more roots at surface, smaller

26
Q

What organisms make up the rich decomposer community of a tropical rain forest?

A

Termites, slime mold, protists

27
Q

What is the benefit of Mycorrhizal fungi?

A

90-95% plant roots associated with fungi

28
Q

What is the recycling efficiency in tropical rain forests?

A

60-80% (compared to 40% in temperate forests)

29
Q

How does rain compare to throughfall?

A

Throughfall is richer in nutrients because it passes through the canopies

30
Q

Where do the outside nutrients come from?

A

Volcanoes

31
Q

What factors affect soil drainage?

A

Topography

32
Q

What types of soils are good in wet places? In dry places?

A

Wet= sand /gravel

33
Q

Why are plants and soils releasing more carbon than they store?

A

Deforestation

34
Q

Which is increasing faster: the carbon from fossil fuels or the carbon from burning rainforests?

A

The carbon from burning rainforests

35
Q

Can intact tropical forests utilize excess carbon in the atmosphere?

A

Yes

36
Q

What is REDD?

A

Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation- payment for countries to not mess with forests

Lab Practical One CIEE (2 decks)

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