Plants Flashcards
1
Q
State the features of cell walls.
A
- Microfibrils of cellulose
- Middle lamella between adjacent cell walls
2
Q
State the features of pallisade cells.
A
- Long thin cells
- Large vacuole
- Many chloroplasts
3
Q
State the features of a chloroplast.
A
- Highly selective double plasma membrane
- Thylakoids (arranged in to stacks called grana)
- Stroma
4
Q
State the features of a xylem vessel.
A
- Continuous tubes
- Thick walls stiffened with lignin
5
Q
State the features of a root hair cell.
A
- Low water potential
- Carrier proteins for active transport
- Thin - short diffusion pathway
- Large surface area
6
Q
Give four factors affecting transpiration.
A
- Light intensity
- Temperature
- Humidity
- Air movement
7
Q
Define: xerophytes
A
Plants that have developed a range of adaptations to limit water lost via transpiration.
8
Q
Give examples of adaptations to reduce water lost via transpiration.
A
- Stomata surrounded by hairs
- Stomata in sunken pits
- Thick waxy cuticle
- Curled leaves
- Spines
- Fewer stomata
9
Q
What can be used to measure water uptake?
A
Potometer
10
Q
What are the precautions when setting up a potometer to ensure reliable results?
A
- Cut shoot underwater
- Insert apparatus underwater
- Dry off leaves
- Seal joints
- Note where the air bubble starts
11
Q
Why isn’t rate of water uptake equal to rate of transpiration?
A
- Water produced in respiration
- Water used in photosynthesis
- Water used for turgidity (support)
12
Q
What are the layers of a leaf?
(top to bottom)
A
- Wax cuticle
- Upper epidermis
- Pallisade mesophyll
- Spongy mesophyll
- Lower epidermis
- Wax cuticle
