Plants Flashcards
Flowering plants are classified as what?
Angiosperms
What is a sporophyte?
Sporophyte is a diploma generation in flowering plants
Once a seed is fertilized by pollen, it becomes an embryo which is a young sporophyte, the plant will grow to become a mature sporophyte
What is a gamerophyte?
Gametophyte is the haploid generation of flowering plants.
Pollen is the male gametophytes and seeds are the female gametophytes
Inside a seed, what are the embryonic leaves known as?
Cotyledins
Name the parts of an embryo within a mature seed
Cotyledons
Dormant shoot meristem
Embryonic root
Dormant root meristem
Describe what happens to the seed embryo when it is germinated
The shopt and root meristems become active
Meristem activity prompts the embryonic root to produce the seedling root and the young shoot to grow and produce leaves
Describe the parts of a seedling
The shoot contains the active shoot meristem at the top of the plant, where new growth is produced
The shoot also contains the seed leaves and stem
Underground the root uptake water, and the active root meristem is at the root tip, and produces new growth
What is the function of the leaves of a plant?
Photosynthesis
What are the functions of the stem of a plant?
To produce branches, and bear reproductive structures such as flowers in angiosperms
What are the function of the roots of a plant?
To anchor the plant in the spil, and take up water and minerals
Which plant structures are organs?
The leaves, stem, and roots
Which plant structures are organ systems?
Buds and flowers
Describe the process of vegetative growth
Buds are produced, containing a shoot apical maristem and encased in scaly modified leaves
Under favorable conditions, the shoot apical maristem becomes active and produces new stem tissue and leaves
Describe the indeterminate growth if a plant
Apical maristems continue to produce new stem tissue and leaves as long as conditions remain favorable
What is a benefit of indeterminate growth?
Plants can adapt their structure to their environment
What organs make up the flower organ system?
Petals, sepals, stammers, and carpels
Describe the perianth
Petals are attractive and play a role in pollination
Sepals are the outer layer of the flower bud, they are often green, but in some cases the look similar to the plants petals.
This is the case for tulips and lillies, so the petals and sepals are both known as tepals
What role does a stamen play?
It produces and dispersed pollen
Describe the structure of a pistil?
A pistil can be made of a single carpel or multiple carpets that are separate or fused
The ovary enclosed and protects the ovules
The stigma receives pollen
The style is the stem like structure that connects the stigma to the ovary
How do cotyledons divide plants into two groups?
Monocots have one cotyledon, while eudicots have two cotyledons
What cell type do meristems contain that allows them to produce both stem and leaf tissue
Stem cells, which are undifferentiated
Describe pinnate and palmatate venation
Pinnate venation has a single main vein, with smaller lateral veins branching off in a feather like pattern
Palmate venation has several main veins that stem form a common point in the petiole
How can the petals of a flower be used to determine if it is a monocot or dicot?
Monocots usually have three petals, or a multiple of three, while eudicots can have four or five or a multiple of these
How can the root system of a plant be used to determine if it is a monocot or dicot?
Monocots have a fibrous root system, while dicots have a main taproot with branches pertruding from it
How can the pollen produced by a plant be used to determine if it is a monocot or dicot?
Monocot pollen has one pore, while dicot pollen has three pores
What roles does parenchyma tissue play?
Stores Strachan in plastids as a food reserve
Stem parenchyma can undergo cell division which helps to heal wounds
Describe the structure of vascular bundles
They are made up of xylem and pholem
Xylem conducts water, and pholem conducts sugars and other molecules produced during photosynthesis
In monocots they are scattered, while in dicots they are arranged in a ring
