Plants Flashcards
Leaf adaptation
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tendrils
-Leaf tendrils are only one
way that plants have
evolved in response to
selection for increased
support during growth-
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taproot system
comprises one thick, cylindrical main root known as the primary root
fibrous root
-monocot
adventitious roots
-plant roots that form from any nonroot tissue
exodermis
-outer layer of root Cortex ,responsible for the radial flow of water and ions and nutrients
endodermis
-inner layer of root cortex
pericycle
-lies inside the endodermis ,outer most part of the Steele plants
eudicot
-flowering plant who has two seed leaves -forms a circle
secondary growth
-
primary xylem
primary phloem
cork cambium
vascular cambium
-produces secondary xylum
Sclerenchyma cells
Cells with highly-lignified secondary cell walls, that are dead upon maturityprovide structural support to the plant. They have thick, highly-lignified secondary cell walls, making them rigid and tough. These cells lose their protoplasm at maturity, meaning they are dead when fully developed.
pericycle
apoplectic pathways
the pathway in which water travels across the root to the xylem only through the cytoplasm of plant cells
aquaporins
the water-conducting channel proteins that span the plant cell’s plasma membrane?
epiphyte
A plant that grows on an another plant
shoot system
system above aground ,(leaves and steam )
active transport mechanism
two ; symport ,anti port
flaccid
-hard and rigid
turgid
-
prairie
-plant very fertile
desert soil
-wather evaporate ,leaves behinds salt
ground system
vasular system
fibrous root system
- good at retrieving water easily monocot
homoplacsis
plasma membrane
-selectively permeable
apomixis
when a diploid embryo can form from an unfertilized egg
Sepal in plant
imbibition
dry seeds plants absorbing water
Guttations
-when roots pressure is strong enough to force water out of leafs opening .Water is pushed up and out of veins
role of stomate in transport in plants
-transport losses of water must be regulated to prevent rapid dessication
Cuticles
-on the surface of a leafs
Guard cells and and stomatal action
-pores opens up
-blue lights stimulates the guards cells
-electrochemical gradient ,cotransporter
When concentration is higher ,water diffuses inside.
xerophyte
have adaptation to hot ,dry enviroment
(Thickened cuticle, sunken stomata, water
storage in stems, modified leaves)
Translation
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source vs sinks
source:Any region of plant where organic substances are loaded into phloem
sinks :any region where organic substances are unloaded from phloem.
tension
-transipiration,the loss of water vapour from the leaves creates a negative pressure in tension xylem.
water
Which of the following structures is NOT involved in nourishing the plant embryo during its earliest phases of its life?
-mesocarps
vegetative reproduction
Vegetatively-produced offspring typically exhibit less phenotypic variation compared to those produced via sexual reproduction
The seed’s endosperm arises as the fertilization of ________, the zygote from the fertilization of ________, and the pericarp from __________.
plants hormones
-Auxin
Ethylene
Gibberellins
Polar transport
- No Charged outside of the sells
Abscision zone
Auxin on roots
-promote root inhabitation growth of pre-existing roots
-lateral branching of roots
-
Phototropism
Gibberins
-synthesized in shoot and root tips
-increase cell division rate and cell elongation
-fruit enlargement
-help seeds and buds break ‘dormancy’
cohesion-tension
long transport of water in plants
