Plants

Question 1

Advantages of plants living on land:

Answer 1

-greater availability of light
-o2 and co2 diffuses faster in air vs water

Question 2

Disadvantages of plants living on land

Answer 2

-risk of dehydration
-difficult for gametes to meet(sexual reproduction

Question 3

Adaptations to living on land

Answer 3

-vascular system

• roots: penetrate soil to anchor plants and reach water sources
• leaves: provide greater surface for photosynthesis

-stems: ridged tissues that raise and support leaves so they are exposed to sunlight

Question 4

pollen

Answer 4

-water proof structures that contain male gametes
-carried to female plants via wind, insect pollinators, and other animals

Question 5

seed

Answer 5

-consists of embryo, food, waterproof coat
-remain dormant in favourable conditions like drought, freezing and fire

Question 6

cell structure of plants:

Answer 6

multicellular, eukaryotes, cell walls have cellulose

Question 7

mode of nutrition

Answer 7

autotrophs and photosynthesis
(venus flytraps is an autotroph)

Question 8

no plants can move(locomote)

Question 9

Nonvascular plants

Answer 9

-absence of or poorly developed vascular tissues for transporting nutrients
-transport of nutrients occurs via diffusion or osmosis
-grow close to ground to obtain water and nutrients
-water necessary for gametes to meet

Question 10

Seedless vascular plants

Answer 10

-presence of vasscular tissues for conducting nutrients
-reproduce via spores, which requires water for gametes to meet
-vascular tissues have allowed plants to increase in size

Question 11

Seed bearing vascular plants

Answer 11

-have vascular tissues for conducting nutrients
-reproduce via seeds, allowing plants to reproduce sexually without water for gametes to meet

Question 12

Gymnosperms

Answer 12

-non-flowering
-less abundant
-produce seeds in cones
-“naked seed”- not surrounded by fruit(conifers,cycads)

Question 13

Angiosperms

Answer 13

-flowering
-more abundant
-produce seeds in flowers
-seeds have a case or pod(fruit)
-seeds of angiosperms can have one or two specialized structures called cotyledons

Question 14

Cotyledons are..

Answer 14

structures that are contained in the seed that supply nutrients to the plant embryo
-Monocots
*one cotyledon
*one seed leaf
ex: grassed, bananas, palms
-Dicots
*two cotyledons
*two see leaves
ex: lettuce, tomatoes

Question 15

Angiosperm reproduction:

Answer 15

-Animal or wind passes pollen to stigma
-Competition among pollen grains to grow pollen tubes fastest to reach ovules in ovary
-Fertilization occurs
-Zygote forms and develops into embryo
-Case covers embryo + food to form seed
-Fruit=mature ovary
-Animals eat fruit and disperse seeds everywhere

Question 16

Polyploidy in plants

Answer 16

-Almost half of all angiosperms are polyploids, meaning they have more than 2(2n) chromosome sets
-Plants with 3n, 4n or more chromosome sets, are sterile and can only eepodticr asexually
-Sterility caused by polyploidy produced seedless grapes and watermelon

Question 17

basic needs of plants

Answer 17

1) Make energy(photosynthesis) to make carbs
2) accquire water and other nutrients
3) a method of gas exchange to get CO/ in and O2 out
4) protection(toxins protective structures dehydration
5) reproduction(sexual/asexual….but they can’t move!)

Question 18

Vascular plant body: Roots and Shoots

Answer 18

-Most plants have the basic design:
* underground root system
*above ground shoot system
-the three main organs(non reproductive) in plants are leaves, stems, roots
-These are made up of dermal, vascular, and ground tissue

Question 19

Dermal tissue:

Answer 19

-Outermost layers, waxy, protects plant

Question 20

vascular tissue:

Answer 20

-composed of xylem and phloem
-transport water and nutrients, support plant body

Question 21

ground tissue

Answer 21

made up of parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma
-growth and development
-stores carbs
-support and protects plant body

Question 22

Meristematic tissue

Answer 22

-tissue made up of undifferentiated cells and found in areas where plant growth take place
-develop into specialize cells and tissues