Asexual reproduction in seed plants

Question 1

In asexual reproduction, a single parent produces offspring by cell division. This process can give rise to a large population in a short period of time

Question 2

Plants use a number of structures to reproduce asexually

Question 3

Structured used in asexual reproduction

Answer 3

-Rhizomes
-Stem tuber
-Corm
-Stolon

Question 4

Rhizomes

Answer 4

underground modified atoms in grass species

Question 5

Stem tuber

Answer 5

found in potatoes

Question 6

Corm

Answer 6

garlic

Question 7

Stolon

Answer 7

is a slender stem that grows horizontally along the grown and gives rise to roots and eventually other plants(strawberries)

Question 8

Describe an environment in which plants that reproduce asexually would be successful

Answer 8

If a plant has a trait to survive a specific environment all offspring will have traits and take advantage of environment

The environment cannot change

Question 9

Describe an environment in which plants that reproduce asexually would not be successful

Answer 9

an environmental that changes significantly, experiences disease outbreak or drought

Question 10

Costs of asexual reproduction

Answer 10

If environment changes, or there is a disease outbreak or drought, it can kill off all species because everyone is identical and there is no genetic diversity

Question 11

Benefits of asexual reproduction

Answer 11

• If plant has trait to survive its current environment then all offspring will have same trait and it will be able to survive as well
• Plants don’t need specialized structures or reproductive systems like flowers or cones
  -Only one plant is needed
  -Plantlets have higher survival rate then those made by sexual reproduction

Question 12

If you had an especially healthy herb plant growing in your garden, how could you produce an exact copy of the plant to give to your friend?

Answer 12

use the process of grafting. take the branch of the desirable plant and starch it to the stem of another plant

Question 13

Seed dispersal is important for plants because it allows the introduction of a species to new areas during succession, and because dispersal can move seeds away from parent plants, resulting in less competition for resources

Question 14

Explain how to distinguish a monocot seed from a dicot seed

Answer 14

dicot has bigger cotyledons and no endosperm. 2 seed levels

Question 15

Costs of sexual reproduction

Answer 15

-need structures and processes for sexual reproduction alone
-plants have to devote a lot of resources to sexual reproduction to shen resources and scare, the lower the changes that an individual organism will survive sexual reproduction

Question 16

Benefits of sexual reproduction

Answer 16

-high genetic diversity which can survive environment change, disease
-Sexual reproduction produced seeds which can be dispersed far away from parent plants and thus have less competition for resources and have better growing conditions
-Seeds can remain dormant for long periods of time and germinate when conditions are favourable, increasing chance of survival

Question 17

In gymnosperms, smaller make cones produce microspores. Pollination and fertilization occur in the ovule contained in larger female cones

Question 18

Fruits help to protect and disperse seeds, but the fruit wall, or pericarp, doesn’t provide nutrients to the developing embryo

Question 19

Ordered steps from pollen to seed production

Answer 19

1: Pollen is produced by anther, which are a part of the stamen

2: if a species used cross pollination, the pollen transfers from one plant to another. if a species uses self-pollination, the pollen transfers to another flower on the same plant

3: Pollen sticks to the stigma, and when conditions are right, a pollen tube grows down the style carrying two haploid sperm nuclei to reach the ovary

4: One sperm nucleus unites with the egg cell, and the second fused with two polar nuclei in the ovule to form the triploid cell

5: When this double fertilization occurs, the ovary matured as a fruit containing the seed or seeds

Question 20

List the three big three crops that provide 60% of humans food energy needs

Answer 20

wheat, rice, corn

Question 21

Traditional agriculture problem: Planting monocultures which reduces biodiversity

Answer 21

solution; planting more than one species

Question 22

Traditional agriculture problem: Heavy use of natural resources such as water

Answer 22

solution: convering soil to reduce moisture loss

Question 23

Traditional agriculture problem: heavy use of dangerous chemical insecticides

Answer 23

solution: breeding plants to become more resistant to pests and disease