Plants Flashcards
Monocotyledons vs Dicotyledons:
Seeds
Monocotyledon:
Plants that have one cotyledon in each seed.
Dicotyledons:
Plants that have two cotyledons.
Monocotyledons vs Dicotyledons:
Root system
Monocotyledons:
Adventitious or fibrous root system
Roots grow out of every structure of the plant EXCLUDING the roots of the plant.
Usually sprout from the plants stem.
Dicotyledons:
Taproot system
One large central root of the plant
Monocotyledons vs Dicotyledons:
Leaves
Monocotyledons:
Parallel veined and are sessile (no leaf stalk)
Dicotyledons:
Net-veined
Have petioles or leaf stalks
Monocotyledons vs Dicotyledons:
Flowers
Monocotyledons:
Are divided into either three or six parts.
Dicotyledons:
Flowers occur in multiples of four or five.
Monocotyledons vs Dicotyledons:
Stems
Monocotyledons:
Vascular bundles which are a collection of tube-like tissues that flow through plants’ transporting critical substances to various parts of the plant.
-The bundles are small and scattered throughout the stem.
Dicotyledons:
Vascular bundles arranged in a ring around the stem.
Define cotyledon:
Also known as a seed leaf.
A leaf that is stored in a seed. When a seed sprouts the cotyledon are the first leaves that the plant has.
Pollination:
Pollination occurs when the pollen lands on the female cones. Once fertilisation has taken place the seeds will form.
Which type of tree has both female and male cones on the same tree.
Individual pine trees
Which cones contain the pollen
The smaller male cones produce the pollen which is carried by the wind.
Name the female parts of the flower:
The female parts are called the pistil:
- stigma
- style
- ovary
Name the male parts of the flower:
The male parts of the flower are called the stamen:
- anther
- filament
Role of seeds and flowers in sexual production:
Seeds are produced in the flower of the plant. (flowers are the sexual organs of the plant)
- pollination and then fertilisation takes place
- seeds will then develop inside the ovary and a fruit will form.
- seeds contain the food that is necessary for the plant to start to germinate.
Where do plants get their food from before developing roots.
Until a plant starts to develop roots, its only source of food will be from the seed itself.
What do seeds require in order to start to germinate?
Seeds require water in order to germinate.
Define stamen:
The male part of the reproductive system of a flower and is made up of the anther and filament.
Define anther:
Consists of pollen sacs. It produces pollen, which contains the male sex cells of the plant.
Define filament:
A long stalk that lifts the anther to the top of the flower to release its pollen in the air and onto other flowers.
Define pistil:
The female part of the reproductive system of the flower. it is made up of the stigma, style and ovary.
Define style:
the long tube that connects the stigma to the ovary.
Define stigma:
At the top of the pistil, it is sticky or hairy to collect the pollen produced by the male parts of the other flowers.
Define ovary:
A cavity (or hollow space) at the base of the flower, and it contains ovules.
Define ovules:
The female sex cells of the plant and they become the seeds of the plant when they are fertilised.
Define petals:
Are usually brightly coloured to attract pollinators and their large surface are provides a place on which pollinators land.
Define the flower bed:
It is protected by the sepals.
Define sepals:
The green structures that form at the base of the flower.
