Plants

Question 1

Monocotyledons vs Dicotyledons:
Seeds

Answer 1

Monocotyledon:
Plants that have one cotyledon in each seed.

Dicotyledons:
Plants that have two cotyledons.

Question 2

Monocotyledons vs Dicotyledons:
Root system

Answer 2

Monocotyledons:
Adventitious or fibrous root system
Roots grow out of every structure of the plant EXCLUDING the roots of the plant.
Usually sprout from the plants stem.

Dicotyledons:
Taproot system
One large central root of the plant

Question 3

Monocotyledons vs Dicotyledons:
Leaves

Answer 3

Monocotyledons:
Parallel veined and are sessile (no leaf stalk)

Dicotyledons:
Net-veined
Have petioles or leaf stalks

Question 4

Monocotyledons vs Dicotyledons:
Flowers

Answer 4

Monocotyledons:
Are divided into either three or six parts.

Dicotyledons:
Flowers occur in multiples of four or five.

Question 5

Monocotyledons vs Dicotyledons:
Stems

Answer 5

Monocotyledons:
Vascular bundles which are a collection of tube-like tissues that flow through plants’ transporting critical substances to various parts of the plant.
-The bundles are small and scattered throughout the stem.

Dicotyledons:
Vascular bundles arranged in a ring around the stem.

Question 6

Define cotyledon:

Answer 6

Also known as a seed leaf.
A leaf that is stored in a seed. When a seed sprouts the cotyledon are the first leaves that the plant has.

Question 7

Pollination:

Answer 7

Pollination occurs when the pollen lands on the female cones. Once fertilisation has taken place the seeds will form.

Question 8

Which type of tree has both female and male cones on the same tree.

Answer 8

Individual pine trees

Question 9

Which cones contain the pollen

Answer 9

The smaller male cones produce the pollen which is carried by the wind.

Question 10

Name the female parts of the flower:

Answer 10

The female parts are called the pistil:
- stigma
- style
- ovary

Question 11

Name the male parts of the flower:

Answer 11

The male parts of the flower are called the stamen:
- anther
- filament

Question 12

Role of seeds and flowers in sexual production:

Answer 12

Seeds are produced in the flower of the plant. (flowers are the sexual organs of the plant)
- pollination and then fertilisation takes place
- seeds will then develop inside the ovary and a fruit will form.
- seeds contain the food that is necessary for the plant to start to germinate.

Question 13

Where do plants get their food from before developing roots.

Answer 13

Until a plant starts to develop roots, its only source of food will be from the seed itself.

Question 14

What do seeds require in order to start to germinate?

Answer 14

Seeds require water in order to germinate.

Question 15

Define stamen:

Answer 15

The male part of the reproductive system of a flower and is made up of the anther and filament.

Question 16

Define anther:

Answer 16

Consists of pollen sacs. It produces pollen, which contains the male sex cells of the plant.

Question 17

Define filament:

Answer 17

A long stalk that lifts the anther to the top of the flower to release its pollen in the air and onto other flowers.

Question 18

Define pistil:

Answer 18

The female part of the reproductive system of the flower. it is made up of the stigma, style and ovary.

Question 19

Define style:

Answer 19

the long tube that connects the stigma to the ovary.

Question 20

Define stigma:

Answer 20

At the top of the pistil, it is sticky or hairy to collect the pollen produced by the male parts of the other flowers.

Question 21

Define ovary:

Answer 21

A cavity (or hollow space) at the base of the flower, and it contains ovules.

Question 22

Define ovules:

Answer 22

The female sex cells of the plant and they become the seeds of the plant when they are fertilised.

Question 23

Define petals:

Answer 23

Are usually brightly coloured to attract pollinators and their large surface are provides a place on which pollinators land.

Question 24

Define the flower bed:

Answer 24

It is protected by the sepals.

Question 25

Define sepals:

Answer 25

The green structures that form at the base of the flower.