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Natural Science Grade 7 > Acids, Bases and Neutrals > Flashcards

Acids, Bases and Neutrals Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Hydrochloric Acid classified as:
Acid base or neutral

A

Acid

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2
Q

What are many cleaning products classified as:
Acid, bases or neutral

A

Bases

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3
Q

What does ‘pH’ stand for?

A

Potential of Hydrogen
or
Power of Hydrogen

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4
Q

Define ‘pH’:

A

It is a measure of the hydrogen/ion concentration on a solution determining its alkalinity or acidity.

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5
Q

What does it mean if a substance has a pH of 7?

A

Neutral

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6
Q

What does it mean if a substance has a pH greater than 7?

A

Indicates a basic (alkaline) solution

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7
Q

What does it mean if a substance has a pH less than 7?

A

Indicates an acidic solution

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8
Q

Properties of Acids:

A
  • Contain Hydrogen ions
  • Acids are substances that, when dissolved in water, release hydrogen ions. This is why they are described as Hydrogen ion donors.
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9
Q

Properties of Bases:

A
  • Contain Hydroxide ions
  • Many bases, especially strong bases, contain hydroxide ions, which can accept hydrogen ions from the acids.
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10
Q

Compare the taste of acids and bases:

A

Acids: Taste sour
Bases: Bitter taste

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11
Q

Define the reactivity of Acids with metals:

A

Acids react with certain metals (eg. zinc and magnesium) to produce hydrogen gas. Often observed as bubbling or fizzing.

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12
Q

Define the electrical conductivity of Acids:

A

Acids conduct electricity when dissolved in water, as they dissociate into ions.

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13
Q

Do acids have a corrosive property?

A

Yes, many acids are corrosive, meaning they wear away or destroy materials including metals, skin and other substances.

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14
Q

Can acids irritate your skin?

A

Irritation of the skin may occur if you come in contact with acids, making it feel rough.

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15
Q

How do bases feel?

A

Bases feel slippery or soapy to the touch because they react with the oils on your skin to form soap-like compounds.

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16
Q

Electrical conductivity of bases?

A

Bases conduct electricity when dissolved in water because they dissociate into ions.

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17
Q

Corrosiveness of bases?

A

Strong bases, like Sodium Hydroxide (lye) or Potassium Hydroxide, can be corrosive and can cause chemical burns on skin or other materials.

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18
Q

Bases and their reaction with fats and oils:

A

Bases react with fats and oils in a process called saponification, which is how soap is made.

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19
Q

What are bases also known as:

A

Also known as Alkali, which is when a base is soluble in water.
Not all bases are alkalis, but all alkalis are bases.

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20
Q

Define the Periodic Table of Elements:

A

A classification system that has been used in chemistry since the 1860s.
It is an essential tool for chemists and scientists, because the elements are categorised according to their properties.

21
Q

What are the three groups a periodic table groups elements into?

A
  • metals
  • semi-metals (metalloids)
  • non-metals
22
Q

Who and when was the Periodic Table developed?

A

in 1869 by a scientist called Dimitriv Medeleev

23
Q

What die Dimitriv Mendeleev do?

A

He organised the known elements at the time (1869) into rows (called periods) and columns (called groups) based on their properties.

24
Q

Define a compound:

A

A substance made up of two or more elements.

25
Q

Define element:

A

A pure substance that cannot be broken down any further.

26
Q

Why does sodium’s symbol display Na?

A

It comes from the Latin word ‘natrium’. The Latin word for Sodium.

27
Q

What are the 5 rules to remember when using chemical symbols:

A
  1. Every element has its own, unique symbol.
  2. The symbol is usually (but not always) the first one or two letters of the name of the element.
  3. The first letter of the symbol is always a capital letter.
  4. If the symbol has two letters, the second letter is always a small letter.
  5. Some elements have symbols that come from their Latin names.
28
Q

Define Protons:

A

These are the particles with a positive charge, found in the nucleus (center) of the atom. The number of protons determines the type of element (like hydrogen or oxygen).

29
Q

Define Neutrons:

A

Also live in the nucleus but they have no electrical charge - they are neutral. Neutrons help hold the nucleus together and add to the atom’s mass.

30
Q

Define Electrons:

A

Electrons are time particles with a negative charge that move around the nucleus in a cloud. The yare much smaller than protons or neutrons and are responsible for how atoms interact with each other, forming bonds and creating molecules.

31
Q

Who came up with the name atomic number?

A

John Dalton

32
Q

What did John Dalton do and when?

A

In the 1800’s a scientist called John Dalton said that all matter is made up of very small particles called atoms and as such created the atomic number.

33
Q

What are the three subatomic particles?

A

protons
neutrons
electrons

34
Q

Define atomic number:

A

Refers to how may protons an element has in its atoms. Since each element has a different number of protons in its atoms, each element has a unique atomic number.

35
Q

Properties of metals:

A
  • they are shiny
  • they are ductile, which means that they can be stretched into thin long wires, and malleable which means that they can be hammered flat into any shape as they can be bent and shaped without breaking.
  • They are solid at room temperature except for Mercury which is a liquid at room temp.
  • High melting and boiling points
  • good conductors of heat and electricity
36
Q

Properties of Non-metals:

A
  • their properties vary depending on what state they are at room temperature. (Natural state)
  • most are dull
  • they are brittle and weak
  • usually poor conductors of heat and electricity
37
Q

Properties of semi-metals or Metalloids:

A
  • they are solid at room temperature and have some properties of metals and non-metals.
  • semi-conductors
  • Have a metallic sheen but are brittle like non-metals
38
Q

Strength:

A

Strong materials will not bend, break, shatter or deform when subjected to external forces.

39
Q

Flexibility:

A

Flexible materials can ben easily without breaking or being damaged.

40
Q

When does melting occur?

A

Melting occurs when a solid changes into a liquid.

41
Q

Define melting point:

A

The temperature at which the substance will start to melt.

42
Q

At what temperature does candle wax melt?

A

At 60 degrees

43
Q

When does boiling occur?

A

Boiling occurs when a liquid changes into a gas.

44
Q

What happens when the liquid reaches its boiling point?

A

When a liquid reaches its boiling point, the temperature of the liquid remains constant. This is because all the heat energy being applied to the liquid is being used to change the liquid into a gas.

45
Q

Define electrical conductors:

A

Materials that are good at carrying an electric current.

46
Q

Define insulators:

A

Materials that cannot carry an electric current.

47
Q

When do we say that materials are good conductors of heat.

A

When heat can pass through a material easily.

48
Q

Thermal insulators:

A

Materials with very low thermal heat conductivity.

49
Q

Examples of poor conductors of heat:

A

Plastic and wood

Natural Science Grade 7 (6 decks)

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