Plants

Question 1

What is a vascular net work?

Answer 1

A transport system inside the plant

Question 2

Why are plants important?

Answer 2

Produce oxygen and store CO2

Question 3

What factors are used to classify a plant?

Answer 3

-Vascular and non-vascular
-Seed and seedless

Question 4

What are the 4 classification groups for plants?

Answer 4

Bryophyta, Lycophyta, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms

Question 5

Are Bryophytes seedless/seed + vascular/non-vascular?

Answer 5

Seedless non-vascular plants

Question 6

How do Bryophytes take water? How do they reproduce?

Answer 6

Absorbs moisture directly into cells, no need to “bring up” water through systems (veins) because they don’t have any.
Can not move water around within, water dissolves through cell
Water that moves, moves the sex cells (gametes) around so it can reproduce (growth => reproduction)
think moss

Question 7

What are examples of Bryophytes?

Answer 7

Mosses, liverworts, hornworts

Question 8

Are Lycophyta seedless/seed + vascular/non-vascular?

Answer 8

Seedless vascular plants

Question 9

How do Lycophytes reproduce?

Answer 9

They don’t produce seeds, so they must reproduce by spreading spores.

Question 10

What are examples of Lycophytes?

Answer 10

Ferns, horsetails, club mosses

Question 11

Are Gymnosperms seedless/seed + vascular/non-vascular?

Answer 11

Vascular plants with seeds

Question 12

How does a Gymnosperm’s vascular system work>

Answer 12

It has a vascular network to transport water and nutrients around the plant

Question 13

Are Gymnosperms seedless/seed + vascular/non-vascular?

Question 14

Are angiosperms monocotyledon or dicotyledon?

Answer 14

They can be both, which means they have one or two cotyledon inside the seed.

Question 15

What is similar between Gymnosperms and Angiosperms?

Answer 15

Both are vascular plants with seeds

Question 16

What is the difference between Gymnosperms and Angiosperms?

Answer 16

Gymnosperms:
- See the reproductive bodies
- Seeds of plants are not enclosed
Angiosperms:
- Seed is enclosed

Question 17

What is a Monocot?

Answer 17

Means 1 cotyledon inside seed
Leaves have parallel veins
Fibrous root
Little hairs
Flower parts in 3s
Vascular bundles are scattered in the stem

Question 18

What are examples of a monocot?

Answer 18

grasses, wheat, rice, corn, lilies, orchid

Question 19

What is a Dicot?

Answer 19

Has one tap root and multiple sub roots
Seed has two parts/two cotyledon
Leaves have branched veins
Flower parts in 4s and 5s
Vascular bundles are in a ring around the stem

Question 20

Plant cells can be classified into what 3 categories?

Answer 20

Parenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Collenchyma

Question 21

What is the function and structure of the parenchyma?

Answer 21

Function:
- Store energy + produce energy
- Gas exchange
- Protection of the plant
*Depending on where the cell is located it will do different things
On leaves and stems: have many chloroplasts because of photosynthesis to produce energy
On roots and fruits: have no chloroplasts, but have large central vacuoles for storage
Structure: Flexible, thin-walled cells

Question 22

What is the function and structure of the sclerenchyma?

Answer 22

Function: Stability and support
Structure: Contains lignin which gives the plant stability.
These cells will die when the plant has matured, but it the cell walls will remain
Ligin = building block (not final product)
Creates cell walls
When Lignin dies, it means the cell wall is fully formed and the plant is strong.

Question 23

What is the function and structure of the collenchyma?

Answer 23

Function: allow cells to bend and be manipulated without breaking
Which is why it’s flexible
Elongated and compact cells

Question 24

What is the difference between sclerenchyma and collenchyma?

Answer 24

Sclerenchyma: contains lignin
Collenchyma: does not contain lignin

Question 25

What are the 4 types of plant tissue?

Answer 25

Meristematic
Dermal
Ground
Vascular

Question 26

What is Meristematic tissue?

Answer 26

Undifferentiated cells that have the ability to make other cells (just like stem cells)
Have the ability to produce other cells within the plant
Found in areas called meristems
Shoot apical meristem (top) / Root apical meristem (bottom)
Lateral meristem (middle of stem)
Intercalary meristem (middle of stem)
Spread out throughout the stem to be able to send out undifferentiated cells quickly for repair.

Question 27

What is Dermal tissue?

Answer 27

Function: Protection layer
Like human skin
The outermost layer of skin
Controls interactions with the plants’ surroundings

Question 28

What is Ground tissue?

Answer 28

Function: Storage and support
(like fat of humans)
Between vascular and dermal tissue

Question 29

What is vascular tissue?

Answer 29

(like the human circulatory system)
Internal system of tubes that run lengthwise throughout the stem
*One directional -> some transport up, some transport down
Xylem - from roots to leaves (water + minerals)
Phloem - transports to all parts of the plant (nutrients + sugars)
Think “flow”
**Organization of bundles depends on type of plant (monocot vs. dicot)

Question 30

What is xylem?

Answer 30

transport from roots to leaves (water + minerals)

Question 31

What is phloem?

Answer 31

Phloem - transports to all parts of the plant (nutrients + sugars)

Question 32

What are the 3 types of plant organs?

Answer 32

Roots
Stems
Leaves
*Crucial to growth

Question 33

What are the functions of roots?

Answer 33

Absorb water
Anchor plant
Sources of storage (water, nutrients, carbohydrates)