Plants Flashcards
Flower
Flower is for reproduction
It makes seeds
It contains male and female sex organs
Leaf
• Makes food for the plant (photosynthesis)
• Cools the plant when water vapour passes
through it
• Allows the exchange of carbon dioxide
and oxygen
• Leaf stores food (e.g. lettuce, cabbage,
cress, spinach)
Fruit
Protects seeds
Provides food for seeds
The Bud
Allows new leaves and flowers to grow
Stem
• The stem allows the
transport of food,
water and minerals
around the plant
• It also supports the
plant and holds it
upright
• Stems store food (e.g.
potato)
Roots
Anchor and support
Take in water and nutrients
Store food (e.g. carrots and turnips)
Xylem
Water is absorbed up through the roots, and travels to the leaves and the tips of the plant through the xylem.
Phloem
Food from the leaves travels to other parts of the plant in the phloem.
Transpiration
Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from the stomata of the leaves.
Stomata
The stomata are little holes on the underside of the leaves.
Transpiration Stream
The flow of water from the roots, up through the plant, and out the leaves is called the transpiration stream.
Sexual Reproduction
> The flower is the sexual reproduction organ of the plant.
Male sex cells are called pollen and the female sex cells are called the egg.
Pollen and egg cells fuse to make seeds.
Seeds grow into plants.
Sepal
Protects the flower before it blooms.
Petals
Coloured and scented to attract insects,
Male parts
Stamen made up of filament and anther
Filament
Holds up anther
Anther
Makes pollen
Female parts
Carpel, made up of the stigma, style and ovary
Ovary
Makes the egg or ovule (gamete)
Stigma
Pollen lands and sticks to it
Style
Makes a tube for the pollen (male gamete) to travel down to the egg (female gamete).
Pollination
> Pollination is the transfer of the pollen from the stamen (anther) of one plant to the carpel (stigma) of another.
There are 2 types:
Insect pollination
Wind pollination
5 Stages of Sexual Reproduction
- Pollination
- Fertilisation
- Seed and fruit formation
- Seed dispersal
- Germination
Fertilisation
> Fertilisation is the fusion of the male gamete nucleus with the female gamete nucleus to form a zygote.
When the pollen lands on the stigma, a pollen tube grows down through the style.
The male and female nucleus fuse they form the zygote.
The zygote grows into the seed.
Seed
The zygote grows into the seed
Fruit
The ovary swells to become the fruit
Functions of the fruit
> Fruit protects the seed or seeds
Fruit allows the seeds to be carried away from the plants
Some fruits provide food for the seed to develop
Seed dispersal
> Seed dispersal is the way plants spread their seeds around
Seeds need to be carried away from the parent plant so they won’t compete for space, light, water and minerals
Four types of seed dispersal
1) Animal dispersal
2) Wind dispersal
3) Self dispersal
4) Water dispersal
Animal dispersal
> Animal dispersal happens when fleshy fruits are eaten by animals or birds.
The seeds pass unharmed through the animal and come out in faeces somewhere else!
Wind dispersal
Dandelions, sycamores
Self dispersal
> Some plants explode to release their seeds
Example: pea pods
Water dispersal
> When plants produce seeds to float away
E.g. water lilies
Germination
> Germination is the growth of seeds into a new plant.
In order to germinate, seeds need water, oxygen and heat to germinate.
Asexual Reproduction
> Asexual reproduction involves only one parent; geraniums can grow from cuttings; tulips and daffodils make bulbs; strawberry plants and buttercups use runners.
Asexual reproduction results in an exact copy of the parent plant, or a clone.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process where green plants make food using light energy
Why are leaves/and plants green???
> Because they contain chlorophyll which is a green chemical needed for photosynthesis.
Chlorophyll is found in chloroplasts in plants cells.
Photosynthesis:
Carbon dioxide + water in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight is oxygen + glucose
Plants lose their leaves in winter
Less sunlight, cooler temperatures
How are leaves designed for photosynthesis?
> They are flat and thin.
Stomata (little holes on the underside of the leaves).
Where do plants get carbon dioxide from?
Carbon dioxide comes from the atmosphere.
Where do plants get water from?
Water comes in through the roots from the soil
What do the plants do with glucose?
They either use it for growth and repair or they store it as starch, so we can eat it.
