Plants

Question 1

Photosynthesis

Answer 1

Is the process where green plants make food using light energy.

Question 2

Why are leaves and plants green?

Answer 2

Because they contain Chlorophyll which is a green chemical needed for photosynthesis.
Chlorophyll is found in Chlorophasts in plant cells.

Question 3

What part of a plant do you think has the most chlorophyll?

Answer 3

The leaves and any green part of the plant have chlorophyll.

Question 4

Photosynthesis - word equation

Answer 4

Carbon dioxide + water (+sunlight and chlorophyll) glucose + oxygen

Question 5

Factors needed

Answer 5

Carbon dioxide: passes into leaves through stomata (found on the under side of leaf)
Water: from soil, enters through roots.
Light: from the sun. Absorbed by leaves due to their large flat surface. Provides energy to form blood.
Chlorophyll: Made by plants. It is a green pigment. Mostly found in the leaves. Absorbs light and allows photosynthesis to take place.

Question 6

Products

Answer 6

Glucose: food made by plants to provide energy in respiration, to form starch in parts of the plant to form cellulose.
Oxygen: gas made from photosynthesis. Used for restoration to provide energy in the leaf. Released from the leaf into the air.

Question 7

Plant responses

Answer 7

Tropism: the change in growth of a plant in response to an outside stimulus.
Phototropism: the way in which a plant changes growth in response to light.
Geotropism: the way in which a plant changes growth in response to gravity.
This allows the plant to absorb as much light or water or minerals as possible

Question 8

Respiration

Answer 8

Respiration is the controlled release of energy from food.
Respiration is not the same as breathing!
There are two types of respiration
-Aerobic respiration requires oxygen.
-Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen.

Question 9

Respiration

Answer 9

Factors of Respiration:
-glucose comes fro, the food we eat.
-oxygen is removed from the air we breathe.

Products of Respiration:
-we breathe our carbon dioxide & water vapour.
-we use the energy throughout our day, walking, talking, thinking ect.

Question 10

Anaerobic respiration in human muscles

Answer 10

Produces lactic acid, which causes our muscles to cramp.

Question 11

Fermentation (anaerobic respiration by microbes)

Answer 11

produces fermented foods. The most common of these is in beer making, where alcohol has been produced from yeast feeding on glucose

Question 12

The Petal

Answer 12

Petals are used to attract insects into the flower; they may have guidelines on them and be scented.

Question 13

The sepal

Answer 13

The flower is protected while it is in bud by the sepals, these may be coloured green or have the colour of the petals.
• They are often brightly coloured to attract the insects

Question 14

Stamen

Answer 14

The stamen produces the male gamete (male sex cell) for fertilisation.

Question 15

The carpel

Answer 15

The carpel produces the female gamete (female sex cell) for fertilisation.

Question 16

Pollination

Answer 16

Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from an anther (male part) to a stigma (female part)

Question 17

Insect pollination

Answer 17

Insects who visit the flower in order to obtain pollen or nectar as food: the insects rub against the sticky stigma and so the pollen (which was gathered from the stamen of one plant) can end up on the carpel of another plant.

Question 18

Wind

Answer 18

Wind which blows the pollen from one flower to another

Question 19

Self pollination

Answer 19

Self-pollination occurs when the male and female parts of the flower are ripe at the same time and when the pollen can fall onto the sticky stigma.

Question 20

Fertilisation

Answer 20

Fertilisation is the union of a nucleus of the pollen grain with the nucleus of the egg.

Question 21

Fruit & Seed Development

Answer 21

After fertilisation the egg develops into a seed. The parent plant provides the food for the growth.

Question 22

The seed

Answer 22

Is provided with energy and raw materials to enable it to become established after dispersal, provided the environment is suitable.

Question 23

Structure of a seed, testa:

Answer 23

The tough outer covering.

Question 24

Radicle

Answer 24

The part growing down out of the seed (grows to form the root; think ‘R’ for Radicle, ‘R’ for Root).

Question 25

Plumule

Answer 25

The part growing up (this grows to form the shoot).

Question 26

Food supply for seed

Answer 26

The inside of the seed consists of stores of food.

Question 27

Dispersal (of Fruit & Seed)

Answer 27

• If the seeds didn’t get dispersed then they would all simply fall to the ground and there wouldn’t be enough food, light or water for all to develop. So they need to get away from the parent plant.
• There are many ways in which seed can get transferred from one plant to another
Dispersal- Example
Wind- Dandelion
Insect- Strawberry
Self- Peas (they ‘explode’ or pop)

Question 28

Germination

Answer 28

-Germination is the resumption of growth after a period of dormancy.
-Moisture, oxygen and heat are necessary for germination

Question 29

Asexual reproduction

Answer 29

Asexual reproduction involves the formation of new individuals from the cell(s) of a single parent.
• Examples of plants that reproduce asexually include grass, strawberries, daffodils, onions and potatoes