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Science > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ecology

A

Is the study of plants, animals and their environment, and the relationship between them.

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2
Q

Environment

A

Is everything that surrounds an animal or a plant. (For example air, water, rocks and soil)

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3
Q

Habitat

A

Is the place where a plant or animal lives.

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4
Q

Woodland habitat

A

Each habitat has its own community of organisms. For example hedgehogs, snails, foxes, and primroses belong to the woodland habitat.

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5
Q

Seaside habitat

A

Crabs, seaweed, shrimps and starfish are found in the seaside habitat.

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6
Q

Interdependence

A

Is how organisms depend on each other for survival. (Buttercups depend on bees, bees need buttercups)

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7
Q

Ecosystem

A

Is all the plants and animals in an area interacting with each other and their environment. (Desert, tropical rainforests, grasslands, seashore)

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8
Q

Producer

A

Plants that make their own food. (Grass, dandelion, nettles)

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9
Q

Consumer

A

Animals that get their food by eating plants or other animals.

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10
Q

Herbivore

A

An animal that eats plants only. (Rabbit, sheep, slug, snail)

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11
Q

Carnivore

A

An animal that eats other animals only. (Fox, hawk, ladybird)

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12
Q

Omnivore

A

An animal that eats both plants and animals. (Badgers, thrush, blackbird, humans)

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13
Q

Decomposer

A

Organisms that feed on dead plants and animals. (Earthworms, bacteria, fungi) (Decomposers are very important as they break down dead things and release lots of minerals into the soil)

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14
Q

Food chain

A

Shows how one organism eats another and so on.

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15
Q

Food chains must start with green plants

A

Because they are the only things that can make food.

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16
Q

Feeding level

A

Is the position of an organism in the food chain.

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17
Q

The first feeding level

A

Is always a green plant.

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18
Q

Sun

A

The energy in any food chain comes from the sun.

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19
Q

Plants have the most energy

A

As they make it from the sun.

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20
Q

What do herbivores get some of when they eat plants?

A

Some energy.

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21
Q

Food web

A

A food web is two or more interconnected food chains.

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22
Q

Competition

A

Competition occurs when two or more organisms seek a resource that is limited.

23
Q

Plants compete

A

Plants compete for light, water, minerals and space.

24
Q

Animals compete

A

Animals compete for food, shelter territory and mates.

25
Q

Adaptations

A

Adaptations are features that give an organism a better chance of surviving in their habitat.

26
Q

The dandelion has a long root

A

Which means it reaches below the short roof of grass to get water.

27
Q

Dandelions are able to compete for space

A

Because they are able to speak their seeds in the wind.

28
Q

Hedgehogs have an excellence sense of smell

A

To make them good at finding food.

29
Q

Hedgehogs have spikes

A

To fight off predators.

30
Q

Camouflage

A

Hedgehogs have a colour which makes them camouflage so predictors can’t find them easily.

31
Q

Conservation

A

Conservation is the protection, preservation and careful use of all our natural resources.

32
Q

Our natural resources

A

Our natural resources include land, rivers, seas, plants and animals.

33
Q

If we don’t protect our natural resources

A

The environment could be destroyed and plants and animals may become extinct.

34
Q

Pollution

A

Is adding unwanted wastes to the environment causing damage to it.

35
Q

Air pollution

A

Caused by smoke, dust and harmful gasses. Most of these come from cars, buses, factories and power stations.

36
Q

Carbon dioxide and sulfure dioxide

A

When fossil fuels are burned they produce gases called carbon dioxide and sulfure dioxide.

37
Q

Acid rain (carbonic acid and sulfuric acid)

A

Damage plants and buildings.

38
Q

Soil pollution

A

Is caused by pesticides, artificial fertilisers and acid rain.

39
Q

Water pollution

A

Rivers, lakes and seas are polluted by fertilisées, sewage, oil and detergents.

40
Q

Fertilisers

A

Seep into rivers and cause too much plant growth, bacteria populations boom as they feed on dead plants and no oxygen is left for fish.

41
Q

Incineration

A

Burning the waste, this can release dangerous gases into the atmosphere, difficulties with location nobody wants to live near an incinerator.

42
Q

Landfill

A

Burying the waste in ground - damages soil, rivers and ground water, attracts rodents, disease causing, bad smell, difficulties as nobody wants to live near landfill sites.

43
Q

Recycling

A

Paper, glass and some metals and plastics can be processed and reused, this reduces damage to the environment.

44
Q

Reduce, reuse, recycle

A

To make sure that we do not damage our environment and that future generations will have a nice place to live.

45
Q

Reduce

A

Use your own bags, do not pick the items with extra packaging.

46
Q

Fruit

A

Protects seeds
Provides food for seeds

47
Q

Bud

A

Allows new leaves and flowerd to grow.

48
Q

Xylem

A

Transports water and minerals up the plant .

49
Q

Phloem

A

Transports food from the leaves.

50
Q

Transpiration

A

Is the loss of water vapour from the stomata of the leaves.
Supplies water to the leaves for photosynthesis.
Helps cool plants (sweating)

51
Q

Stomata

A

Are little holes on the underside of the leaves.

52
Q

Transportation stream

A

The flower or water from the roots, up through the plant, and out the leaves.

53
Q

Factors that increase rate of transportation

A

Sunlight, wind, soil water, low humidity.

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