Plants

Question 1

Photosynthesis

Answer 1

the process where green plants make food using light energy

Question 2

Why are leaves and plants green???

Answer 2

Because the contain Chlorophyll which is a green chemical needed for photosynthesis

Question 3

Chlorophyll

Answer 3

Chlorophyll is found in Chloroplasts in plant cells

Question 4

Factors needed

Answer 4

• Carbon Dioxide: Passes into leaves through Stomata (found on the under side of leaf)
• Water: From soil, enters through roots
• Light: From the sun. Absorbed by leaves due to their large flat surfaces. Provides energy needed to form food
• Chlorophyll: Made by plants. It is a green pigment. Mostly found in the leaves. Absorbs light and allows photosynthesis to take place

Question 5

Product

Answer 5

• Glucose: Food made by plant to provide energy in respiration, to form starch in parts of the plant and to form cellulose
• Oxygen: Gas made by photosynthesis. Used for respiration to provide energy in the leaf. Released from the leaf into the air

Question 6

Plant responses

Answer 6

• Tropism: The change in growth of a plant in response to an outside stimulus
• Phototropism: The way in which a plant changes growth in response to light
• Geotropism: The way in which a plant changes growth in response to gravity
• This allows the plant to absorb as much light or water or minerals as possible

Question 7

Aerobic respiration

Answer 7

Requires oxygen

Question 8

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 8

Does not require respiration

Question 9

Factors of respiration

Answer 9

• Glucose comes from the food we eat
• Oxygen is removed from the air we breathe

Question 10

Products

Answer 10

• We breathe out carbon dioxide & water
vapour
• We use the energy throughout our day, walking, talking, thinking etc

Question 11

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 11

• This type of respiration occurs when oxygen isn’t available
• As we know, humans need oxygen to survive, and primarily use aerobic respiration
• However, when we are using all of our oxygen during that process, our body may have to use anaerobic respiration to supply energy

Question 12

Fermented (anaerobic respiration by microbes)

Answer 12

Products fermented foods. The most common of these is beer making, where alcohol has been produced from yeast

Question 13

The petal

Answer 13

Petals are used to attract insects into the flower; they may have guidelines on them and be scented.

Question 14

The sepal

Answer 14

The flower is protected while it is in bud by the sepals, these may be coloured green or have the colour of the petals

They are often brightly coloured to attract the insects.

Question 15

The stamen

Answer 15

The stamen produces the male gamete for fertilisation

Question 16

The carpel

Answer 16

The carpel produces the female gamete for fertilisation

Question 17

The life cycle: pollination

Answer 17

• Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from an anther (male part) to a stigma (female part)
Pollination can be enabled by:
• Insect pollination Insects who visit the flower in order to obtain pollen or nectar as food: the insects rub against the sticky stigma and so the pollen (which was gathered from the stamen of one plant) can end up on the carpel of another plant.
• Wind pollination which blows the pollen from one flower to another
• Self-pollination occurs when the male and female parts of the flower are ripe at the same time and when the pollen can fall onto the sticky stigma.

Question 18

Fertilisation

Answer 18

• Fertilisation is the union of a nucleus of the pollen grain with the nucleus of the egg.

Question 19

Fruit & Seed Development

Answer 19

• After fertilisation the egg develops into a seed. The parent plant provides the food for the growth.
• The seed is provided with energy and raw materials to enable it to become established after dispersal, provided the environment is suitable.

Question 20

Structure of a seed: Testa

Answer 20

• The tough outer covering.

Question 21

Structure of a seed: Radicle

Answer 21

• The part growing down out of the seed (grows to form the root; think ‘R’ for Radicle, ‘R’ for Root).

Question 22

Structure of a seed: Plumule

Answer 22

• The part growing up (this grows to form the shoot).

Question 23

Structure of a seed: Food supply for seed

Answer 23

• Food supply for seed: The inside of the seed consists of stores of food.

Question 24

Dispersal (of Fruit & Seed)

Answer 24

• If the seeds didn’t get dispersed then they would all simply fall to the ground and there wouldn’t be enough food, light or water for all to develop. So they need to get away from the parent plant.
• There are many ways in which seed can get transferred from one plant to another
Example
Wind: Dandelion
Insect: Strawberry
Self: Peas (they ‘explode’ or pop)

Question 25

Germination

Answer 25

• Germination is the resumption of growth after a period of dormancy

• Moisture, oxygen and heat are necessary for germination

Question 26

Asexual reproduction

Answer 26

• Asexual reproduction involves the formation of new individuals from the cell(s) of a single parent.
• Examples of plants that reproduce asexually include grass, strawberries, daffodils, onions and potatoes