Ecology

Question 1

Ecology

Answer 1

Is the study of plants, animals and their environments, and there relationships between them.

Question 2

Environment

Answer 2

Is everything that surrounds an animal or plant (or example air, water, rocks and soil)

Question 3

Habitat

Answer 3

Is the place an animal or plant lives

Question 4

Woodland habitat

Answer 4

Each habitat has its own community of organisms
For example hedgehogs, snails, foxes and primroses belong to the woodland habitat

Question 5

Seaside habitat

Answer 5

Crabs, seaweed, shrimp, and starfish are found in the seaside habitat

Question 6

Interdependence

Answer 6

Is how an organisms depend on each other for their survival
E.g buttercups depend on bees, bees need buttercupc

Question 7

Ecosystem

Answer 7

All plants and animals in an area interacting in an area interacting with each other and their environment e.g desert, tropical, rain forest, grassland ect
A habitat would be a woodland area in a grassland

Question 8

Producer

Answer 8

Plants that makes their own food eg grass, dandelions, nettles

Question 9

Consumer

Answer 9

Animals that get their food by eating plants or other animals

Question 10

Herbivore

Answer 10

An animal that eats plants only e.g. rabbit, sheep, slug, snail

Question 11

Carnivore

Answer 11

An animal that eats other animals only e.g. fox, hawk, ladybird

Question 12

Omnivore

Answer 12

an animal that eats both plants and animals e.g. badger, thrush, blackbird, humans

Question 13

Decomposer

Answer 13

Organisms that feed on dead plants and animals e.g. earthworms, bacteria, fungi. (Decomposers are very important as they break down dead things and release lots of minerals into the soil)

Question 14

Food chains

Answer 14

A food chain shows how one organism eats another and so on
Food chains must start with green plants

Question 15

Feeding levels

Answer 15

The position of an organism in the food
chain is called its feeding level
The first feeding level is always a plant

Question 16

Energy transfer in the food chain

Answer 16

Plants have the most energy as they make it from the sun

Question 17

A Food Web

Answer 17

A food web is two or more
interconnected food chains

Question 18

Competition

Answer 18

Competition occurs when two or more organisms seek a resource that is limited
Plants compete for light, water, minerals and space
Animals compete for food, shelter, territory and mates

Question 19

Adaptations

Answer 19

Adaptations are features that give an organism a better chance of surviving in their habitat

Question 20

The Dandelion

Answer 20

The dandelion has a long root to get more water

Dandelions are able to compete for space

Question 21

Hedgehogs

Answer 21

Hedgehogs have an excellent sense of smell to make them good at finding food
Hedgehogs have spikes to fight off predators
Hedgehogs have a colour which makes them camouflaged so predators can’t find them easily

Question 22

Conservation and Pollution

Answer 22

Conservationistheprotection,preservation
and careful use of our natural resources
Our natural resources include land,rivers,seas, plants and animals
If we don’t protect these the environment could be destroyed and plants and animals may become extinct

Question 23

Pollution

Answer 23

Pollution is adding unwanted wastes to the environment causing damage to it

Question 24

Air pollution

Answer 24

Air pollution is caused by smoke, dust and harmful gases – most of these come from cars, buses, factories and power stations

• When fossil fuels are burned they produce gases called carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide
• These dissolve in rainwater to form carbonic acid and sulfuric acid
• This acid rain damages plants and buildings

Question 25

Soil pollution

Answer 25

Soil Pollution is caused by Pesticides, Artificial
fertilisers and Acid Rain
• These chemicals sink into the soil and can be absorbed by plants
• They then get passed up the food chain and can cause illness
• The chemicals can also seep into rivers and cause pollution there

Question 26

Water pollution

Answer 26

• Rivers, Lakes and Seas are polluted by
fertilisers, sewage, oil and Detergents
• Fertilisers seep into rivers and cause too much plant growth, bacteria populations boom as they feed on dead plants and no oxygen is left for fish
• Sewage, slurry and Detergents cause harmful algal blooms

Question 27

Incineration

Answer 27

burning the waste, this can release dangerous gases into the atmosphere, difficulties with location nobody wants to live near an incinerator

Question 28

Landfill

Answer 28

Burying the waste in the ground damages soil, rivers and ground water, attracts rodents, disease causing, bad smell, difficulties as nobody wants to live near landfill sites

Question 29

Recycling

Answer 29

Paper, glass, some metals and plastics
can be processed and reused. This reduces damage to the environment

Question 30

The 3 R’s

Answer 30

We need to
Reduce, Reuse and Recycle to make sure that we do not damage our environment and that future generations will have a nice place to live.

Question 31

Reduce

Answer 31

= use your own bag, do not pick the items with extra packaging (use less extra packaging)