Plantation Flashcards
What was the plantation
The plantation was a period in the sixteenth century where the English were seeking to extend their control over Ireland
What was the pale
The pale was the area of Dublin directly under the control of the English crown
Name the 3 groups in the plantation
The 3 groups where
1. The Anglo Irish (old English )
3. The Gaelic Irish
What where the Anglo Irish
The Anglo Irish or (old English) where the defendants of the Anglo Norman’s
Who where the Gaelic Irish
The Gaelic Irish where the chieftains who followed Irish law aka (the Brehon law )
Explain the brehon law
The brehon law where the Gaelic Irish laws
1.court held on hillsides
2. No jails or exclusions
3. Wealth measured by number of cattle owned
4.divorce allowed
5. A wife kept her own name wealth. And property
6. Children born outside marriage were entitled to a share to their fathers property
Who is johan Gutenberg and why do we love him
Johan Gutenberg is an amazing man who designed and built the first printing press in Europe
What and who where the tudors
The tudors are the family that king Henry VIII formed
Why did the tudors wanna conquer Ireland
- To expand their territory
- To spread English customs ,culture and laws
- To spread the new religion (Protestantism in Ireland )
- To prevent the Catholic Gaelic Irish from forming N alliance
- To prevent further rebellions
- To save money
Why did the laois offlay plantation happen
The Laois offlay plantation happens because the omoores and O’Connor raided the the pale frequently for cattle
Results of the Laois offlay plantation
It was a failure
It did not attract enough planters from England
Gaelic planters has to be given land a
English customs and laws did not flourish
The confiscated lands where still attacked by the Irish
It led to better planning in future plantations
When did the laois offlay plantation start
It started in 1556
What where the conditions the old English officers had to do in the Laois offlay plantation
They had to build stone houses
They had to arm themselves for Defence
They had to cultivate the land in the English manner
a they could not mix with or marry the Irish a
They had to employ English servants
Outcome of the Laois offlay plantation
The Plantation was not very successful, for the following reasons;
• The O Moores and the O Connors terrorised the Planters who had taken their land.
• The Planters were unable to attract workers from England and had to employ Irish labourers.
• More money was spent protecting the Planters than was raised by them.
Why did the munster plantation happen
It happened because the earl of Desmond the most powerful man in Munster rebelled against the English crown
When did it happen
It happened in 1586
Outcome of the Munster plantation
The Plantation of Munster did not work as well as was hoped. The land was so badly damaged as a result of the war and the famine that it was difficult to farm. The Irish, who had been driven from their land, constantly attacked the Planters. Due to these attacks most of the Planters fled back to England. Those who remained behind had to employ Irish workers and even rent out land to them. Also the Planters did not give enough money to support the part time army and it was never strong enough.
What was the conditions the undertakers has to do
To bring in English workers.
• To employ English farming methods.
• To maintain a part-time army to protect the Plantation. • To build a defensive enclosure
Who was the monarch/leaders of the Munster and Laois offlay plantation
For the Laois offlay the monarchs where queen Mary the 1st and the ommores and Conor’s a
Zane for the Munster it was Elizabeth the 1st and for Munster it was earl of Desmond aka Gerald Fitzgerald
Why did the ulster plantation happen
Between 1594 and 1603 the leading Chieftains in Ulster, Hugh O Neill and Hugh O Donnell led a rebellion against the Govt. of Queen Elizabeth. This was known as the Nine Years War and included some spectacular victories for the Irish such as the Battle of the Yellow Ford in 1598. The final battle took place at Kinsale on Christmas day 1601 and was a huge defeat for O Neill and O Donnell. In 1603 they surrendered when they signed the Treaty of Mellifont. Under the terms of the Treaty they were allowed to keep their land but had to allow English Sheriffs into Ulster to enforce the Treaty. By 1607, fed up with this restriction on their power they left Ulster forever in what has become known as The Flight of the Earls.
The lands of the Earls were confiscated and prepared for a massive scheme of Plantation
Rules of the ulster plantation
King James I of England was determined to avoid the mistakes of the previous Plantations. Under the rules drawn up there were three types of Planters.
• Undertakers - English or Scottish Gentleman to receive estates of between 400 and 800 hectares at the cost of €6.00 per year to the King. The Undertaker had to build a Castle, Stone house or Bawn and they could only take English or Scottish tenants, which they had to bring with them from Britain.
• Servitors – Civil Servants or army officers to receive estates of between 400 and 800 hectares at the cost of €10.00 per year to the King. The Servitor had to build a Stone House or Bawn. They were allowed to take Irish tenants and this meant they had an easier time than the Undertakers.
• Deserving/Loyal Irish – Irish men who had remained loyal to the Crown during the nine years war to receive estates of 400 hectares at the cost of €12.70 per year to the King. They were allowed to take Irish tenants also.
The first problem with the Plantation was that they could not persuade enough Planters to go to Ireland. As a result King James I forced 12 London Trade Guilds to form The Honourable Irish Society. These were given the County of Derry and allowed to rent the land out to tenants. They built two towns, Coleraine and Londonderry. Each guild then built a village such as Draperstown on their allotted land. Motivated by profit they rented the land to Irish tenant
The Impact of the Plantation;
The Plantation transformed the face of Ulster especially in the following ways;
• Land Ownership – Almost all Irish landowners lost their land. The Planters became the new landowning class. They became very wealthy and enforced the law as Judges. They helped the British control Ulster until the 20 Century.
• The Countryside – The Planters cleared forests and drained the land. Farming for profit replaced the subsistence farming of the Irish. Wheat, Barley, Oats and Potatoes were grown for sale. New styles of housing of stone and slated roofs were introduced.
• Towns – The Government built 16 new towns in Ulster including Donegal, Dungannon and Enniskillen. Each town had a central square or Diamond. A network of roads was built to link the towns. The native Irish were forbidden to live in them.
• Religion – The Scottish settlers were Presbyterians while the English settlers were Anglican. This created a Protestant majority. This created high religious tension with the Catholics, which continues to this day.
• Culture – The Irish way of dress and living was banned by law. English language, music, dancing and fashions became more widely used as Gaelic culture faded away.
