Plant Transport and Photosynthesis Flashcards
What is the epidermis and what does it do?
The upper/outer layer of the cell.
It provides a barrier against mechanical injury, water loss and infection.
What do epidermis cells cover?
Stem Roots Leaves Flowers Fruits
What is the Palisade Mesophyll?
The section of the leaf below the epidermis and cuticle
Vertically elongated
Contains chloroplasts which absorb the majority of the sunlight
What is the Spongy Mesophyll?
The layer below the Palisade Mesophyll
Allows the interchange of gases (carbon dioxide) needed for PHS
Less likely to go through PHS than the Palisade Mesophyll.
The Xylem…
Transports water/minerals from the soil to the stem (keeps plant standing)
Is made of hollow, dead cells joined end to end.
Branches out into every leaf.
Has no cytoplasm or nuclei
Has walls made of cellulose and lignin.
The Phloem…
Transports food materials made in PHS
Is made of living cells
Converts glucose to sucrose for transport
Ends of cells form sieve plates
Has companion cells next to each sieve cell to provide some requirements.
Meristem tissue is…
Found at the growing tops of shoots and roots.
What is transpiration?
The mechanism that drives water through the plant.
What can affect the rate of transpiration?
Anything that increases PHS rate (bc stomata = open so more water is lost)
Hot/dry/windy conditions (water evaporates from cells and diffusion happens faster)
Temperature (molecules move faster as temp. increases. As temp rises, stomata open more)
Water supply (when low, stomata close, less water loss(
Some adaptations of Xerophyte plants are…
Hairy Leaves (traps water diffused from stomata, reducing conc. gradient and rate of diffusion from leaf.) Shallow, wide-spread roots (hot environments, absorbs water before it can evaporate) This stems (water storage)
What is translocation?
The movement of sugar around the plant.
What is the equation for PHS?
Carbon dioxide + Water –> Glucose + Oxygen
6CO2 + 6H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Why is PHS endothermic?
Reaction uses heat from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
Gets energy by absorbing sunlight into the plant.
What is an endothermic reaction?
A reaction using energy absorbed from the environment.
How does carbon dioxide affect the rate of PHS?
The higher it is, the faster the rate until it reaches a certain level and the rate levels off.
