plant tissues,organs and systems

Question 1

how is epidermal tissue adapted to its function

Answer 1

covers the entire plant , it has a waxy cuticle, which helps reduce water loss from the leaf surface

Question 2

how is a palisade mesophly adapted to its function

Answer 2

contains lots of chlorophyll, which allows photosynthesis to progress at a rapid rate

Question 3

how is a spongy mesphyll adapted to its function

Answer 3

has a lot of air spaces, which allows gases to diffuse in and out

Question 4

how is the xylem adapted to its function

Answer 4

. made up of dead cells which form a countinous hollow tube- allows movement of water and mineral ions from the roots to the leaves

.strengthend by lignin- makes the vessel strong and waterproof

.has bordered pits= allows minerals to be transported to specific places

Question 5

how is the phloem adapted for its function

Answer 5

. made up of elongated living cells

.cells have sieve plates that connect them together- cell sap can move through plates into other cells

.sieve tubes cells have few organellels to allow the effiecient transport of substances

Question 6

how is meristem tissue adapted to its function

Answer 6

made up of stem cells which can diffrentiate into many different cell types, allowing the plant to grow

Question 7

what tissues does the leaf organ contain

Answer 7

.epidermis
.palisade mesophyll
.spongy mesophyll
.xylem
.phloem
.guard cells

Question 8

what is the function of guard cells

Answer 8

controls the opening and closing of the stomata , according to the water content of the plant

Question 9

how are stomata adapted for their function

Answer 9

stomata allows the control of gaseous exchange and water loss from the leaf

.more stomata on the base of the leaf-minimises water loss as this side is cooler and shaded

.have guard cells which control their opening and closing

Question 10

how are root hair cells adapted to their function

Answer 10

root hair cells allow the uptake of water and mineral ions from the soils

.large surface area= maximises rate of absoprtion

. contains lots of mitochondria = release energy for active transport of mineral ions

Question 11

what is translocation

Answer 11

the movement of dissolved sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plants

Question 12

what is transpiration

Answer 12

the evaporation of water vapour from the surface of a plant

Question 13

how does transpiration work

Answer 13

.water evaporated from the leaf surface

.water molecules cohere together- more water is pulled up the xylem in an unbroken column

.more water is taken up from the soil - creating a countinous transpiration stream

Question 14

how does tenperature affect the rate of transpiration

Answer 14

.higher rate of evaporation and diffusion is water- therefore rate of transpiration is increased

Question 15

how does humidity affect the rate of transpiration

Answer 15

high relative humidity, will reduce the water vapour concentration gradient. the rate of evaporation will decrease , and so will the rate of transpiration

Question 16

how does wind speed affect the rate of transpiration

Answer 16

increasing wind speed , increases rate of tarsnpiration

increased air movement, lowers water vapour concentration outisde the leaf . this increases the water vapour concentration gradient , therefore increasing the rate of evaporation and transpiration

Question 17

how does light intensity affect the rate of transpiration

Answer 17

increasing the light intesnsity increases the rate of transpiration

the rate of photosynthesis increases, so more stomata open. this allows the rate of evaporation to increase, increasing the rate of transpiration