animal.tissues,organs and systems =2 Flashcards
what are the advantages and disadvantages of mechanical valves
advantages-
.lasts for a very long time
disadvantage-
.need to take medication to prevent blood clotting around valve
what are the advantages and disadvantages of biological waves
advantages=
.work very well
disadvantages=
.only lasts 12-15 years
what is the purpouse of an artificial heart
intended to support a patients heart while they wait for a suitable donor heart.
advantages and disadvantages of a artifical heart
advantages-
.less likely to be rejected by immune system
.allows damaged hearts to rest to help recovery
disadvantages-
.risk of infection,due to surgery
.risk of blood clots
.have to take blood-thinning drugs
what is health
state of physical and mental wellbeing
what is a communicable disease
a disease caused by a pathogen , which can be transmitted from one person to another= e.g flu
what is a non-communicable disease
a disease which cannot be transmitted from one person to another = e.g cancer
how can diet affect health
.to little food/lack of nutrition-anemia, vitamin deficincies
.to much food/to much unhealthy food= obesity, type 2 diabities
how can stress affect health
prolonged stress is linked to a wide range of health problems and including heart diseases,cancers and mental health issues
how can life situations affect health
many life factors such as location,gender, financial status ethnic group and healthcare provision can impact a persons mental and physical health
give examples of how health problems can interact
. infection with certain viruses can lead to cancer
. a compromised immune system can lead to higher risk of infection with communicable diseases
.immune reactions caused by a pathogen can trigger allergic reactions
.problems with physical health can lead to mental health issues
what is a risk factor
an aspect of a persons lifestyle or a substance found in the body ,or environment which can increase the risk of a disease
what is a casual mechanism
a mechanism which demonstrates how one factor biologically influences another
how do diet,smoking, and excersise affect the developtment of cardiovascular disease
diet- high levels of cholestral causes arteries to become blocked , increasing blood pressure and the risk of a heart attack
smoking= nicotine increases heart rate , other chemicals damage the artery lining and increase blood pressure
.excersies= lowers blood pressure,reducing strain on the heart
how does obesity affect the developtment of type 2 diabities
obesity is strongly linked with the onset of type 2 diabities , a disease in which the body stops responding to insulin
how does alchahol affect liver and brain function
. may lead to liver cirrhosis , scarring of the liver
.increases risk of liver cancer
damages brain tissue and nerve cells
how does smoking affect the developtment of lung disease and cancer
. tar in tobacco can damage the alveoli of the lungs,leading to chronic obstructive pulomanry disease
.tar also damages the cells which line lungs,leading to lung cancer
how do smoking and alhahol affect unborn babies
. carbon monoxide from tobacco smoke reduces the amount of oxygen the foetus recieves, which can lead to premature birth.
. alchahol passses across the placenta and damages the developing foetus, can lead to babys deformaties,health problems
how do carcinogens affect the developtment of cancer
ionising radiation is a type of carcinogen, which can cause mutations in DNA, potentially leading to cancer
what is cancer
developtment of a tumour as a result of uncontrolled cell division
what is a benign tumour
. a tumour that is contained in one location, usually withtin a membrane
.not cancerous, and do not invade other parts of body
.can grow large very quickly=may cause damage to another organ
what is a maligant tumour
. a tumour that can spread around the body
. can invade other tissues
.cells divide more rapidly and have a longer lifespan
.distrupts healthy tissues and may lead to death
give examples of factors which can lead to cancer
.genetics
.smoking
.obesity
.ionising radiation-uv lights and x-rays
.viral infections- HPV ,cervical cancer
