Plant Test Flashcards
What do plants all have that animals lack
Chloroplasts, and cell walls
List three characteristics that all plants have in common
Cuticles photosynthesis and cell walls
What is a root like structure that holds nonvascular plants in place
Rhizoid
What is an underground stem from which new leaves and roots grow
Rhizome
What are the two stages that a seedless plant has in their life cycle
Germination and reproduction
Corn, wheat, and rice have flowers. What type of seed plants are they?
Monocot seeds
What is Pollen
The tiny granules that contain the male gametophytes of seed plants
How can plants differentiate during their life
When they are germinating and when they are in adult
When a flower is fertilized, what does the ovary develop into? What about the ovule?
The ovary develops into a fruit, the ovule develops into a seed
Why is it important for a seed plant to have a root system and a shoot system?
The roots collect all the water it needs, and the shoot system transports the minerals and water to the upper part of the plant
Why do plants have leaves
Believes take in the energy from the sunlight and Co2 and turn it into food and photosynthesis takes place there
Explain the purpose of photosynthesis
To make glucose which the plant uses as food
This part of the leaf captures energy from the sunlight and absorbs CO2 for photosynthesis
Chloroplasts
What do you seedless plants need to reproduce and why
They need water because they do not reproduce with pollen and they don’t have flowers so the water germinates the spores on the plant
What is germination mean
When a seed under the correct conditions can start growing and eventually form into an adult
List the three environmental factors that are required for seed germination
Sunlight, water, temperature that is correct
What covers the outside of the roots
The epidermis
What are root hairs
Increases the surface area of the route and helps absorb water and minerals
What are root caps
It protects the tip of the root and produces slimy substances that helps it push and grow through the soil
What is the function of the root
It absorbs water and minerals, holds plant securely in soil and stores food
What covers the outside of the leaves
The cuticle
What is a stomata’s job what opens and closes them
They let CO2 in and the guard cells are the ones that open and close the stomata
What is in the spongy layer of the leaf
Xylem and phloem
What are the two types of stems list their qualities
Herbaceous Woody
-flexible - hard with bark
What are the three functions of the stem
Supports the plant body, transports minerals through xylem and phloem, and stores minerals
Spore producing stage of plant
Sporophyte
Plants with specialized tissue to move minerals from one part of the plant to another
Vascular system
The male reproductive structure in a flower
Staman
Dust like particles produced in the anthers of flowers
Pollen
Small, hairlike threads of cells that keep mosses grounded
Rhizoids
Openings in the epidermis of a leaf that let carbon dioxide into the leaves
Stomata
Plant pipes that transport sugar molecules
Phloem
Waxy layer that coats the surface of stems and leaves
Cuticle
Structures that cover immature flowers
Sepals
Usually obtains water close to the soil surface
Fibrous root
Non-flowering, seed producing plants
Gymnosperms
Part of the flower that contains the ovules
Ovary
See leave inside a seed
Cotyledon
Attract pollinators to the flower
Petals
Outermost layer of cells that covers roots, stems, leaves, and flower parts
Epidermis
Plants that have no pipes to transport materials from one part of the plant to another
Nonvascular
Seed producing plants with flowers
Angiosperm
Plant pipes that transport water and minerals
Xylem
Can obtain water that is deep underground
Taproot
Plant stage that produces reproduction cells
Gametophyte
Tip of the pistil; Collects pollen
Stigma
Underground stem of fern
Rhizome
Female reproductive structure in a flower
Pistil
