plant terms Flashcards

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1
Q

angiosperms

A
  • vascular plants that have the ovules and seeds enclosed in an ovary, form the embryo and endosperm by double fertilization
  • also called flowering plant
  • produce seeds enclosed in a fruit, which was originally an ovary of the flower
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2
Q

anther

A

the part of a stamen that produces and contains pollen and is usually borne on a filament

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3
Q

archegonium

A

gametangium that produces an egg

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4
Q

calyx

A

the usually green outer whorl of a flower consisting of separate or fused sepals

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5
Q

carpel

A

the ovule-bearing structures in an angiosperm differentiated into an ovary, style, and stigma, the innermost whorl of a flower

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6
Q

double fertilization

A

fertilization characteristic of angiosperms in which one sperm nucleus fuses with the egg nucleus to form an embryo and another fuses with polar nuclei to form endosperm

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7
Q

embryo

A

the young sporophyte of a seed plant usually comprising a rudimentary plant developing within a seed

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8
Q

endosperm

A

a nutritive tissue in seed plants formed within the embryo sac by division of the endosperm nucleus

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9
Q

fertilization

A

an act or process of fecundation, insemination, or pollination, the process of union of two gametes

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10
Q

Filament

A

the anther-bearing stalk of a stamen

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11
Q

fruit

A

the usually edible reproductive body of a seed plant, a mature ovary

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12
Q

Gymnosperms

A

a group of vascular plants that produce naked seeds not enclosed in an ovary

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13
Q

Heterosporous

A
  • the production of microspores and megaspores, as in seed plants
  • the production of two different types of spores
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14
Q

Homosporous

A

the production by various plants (such as the club mosses and horsetails) of spores of only one kind

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15
Q

Indeterminate growth

A

plant growth in which the main stem continues to elongate indefinitely without being limited

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16
Q

megagametophyte

A

the female gametophyte produced by a megaspore

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17
Q

megasporangia

A

a sporangium that contains megaspores

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18
Q

megaspores

A

a spore in heterosporous plants giving rise to female gametophytes and usually larger than a microspore

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19
Q

Megasporocyte

A

megaspore mother cell that divides by meiosis to produce a megaspore

20
Q

Microgametophyte

A

pollen, the male gametophyte produced by a microspore

21
Q

Microsporangia

A

a sporangium that contains only microspores

22
Q

Microspores

A

haploid spores in heterosporous plants arising from meiotic division of the microsporocytes in microsporangia and give rise to male gametophytes

23
Q

Microsporocyte

A

a microspore mother cell giving rise to microspores after meiosis

24
Q

Nucellus

A

the central and chief part of a plant ovule that encloses the female gametophyte

25
Q

Ovary

A
  • enlarged basal portion of the carpel, the female organ of a flower
  • the ovary contains ovules which develop into seeds upon fertilization
  • the ovary matures into the fruit as seeds develop
26
Q

Ovules

A
  • compartments in the ovary within which eggs develop and are fertilized
  • the ovules will develop into the outside covering of the seed
27
Q

Ovulate cone

A

female pine cone

28
Q

petals

A

one of the modified, often brightly colored leaves of the corolla of a flower

29
Q

pollen cone

A

male pine cone

30
Q

pollen grain

A
  • the male gametophyte of a seed plant, produced by mitotic divisions of the haploid microspores
  • can be transferred to the female gametophyte before sperm cells are produce
  • no need for water for sperm to reach the egg
31
Q

pollen tube

A

a tube that is formed by a pollen grain and conveys the sperm nuclei to the embryo sac of an angiosperm or the archegonium of a gymnosperm

32
Q

pollination

A

the transfer of pollen from an anther to the stigma in angiosperms or from the microsporangium to the micropyle in gymnosperms

33
Q

primary growth

A

vertical growth of plants in roots and shoots (the apical meristems) as a result of cell division, lengthening stems so that plants grow taller, enabling leaves to reach sunlight

34
Q

receptacle

A

the end of the flower stalk upon which the floral organs are borne. Where modified leaves of the flower are attached together

35
Q

scale

A

modified leaves or perhaps modified branches of the male or female pine cone

36
Q

seedling

A

a young plant, especially one raised from seed and not from a cutting

37
Q

seed coat

A

the outer tissues of the ovule that harden, covering and protecting a seed

38
Q

seeds

A

the fertilized ripened ovule of a flowering plant containing an embryo and capable normally of germination to produce a new plant

39
Q

secondary growth

A
  • an increase in the thickness of the shoots and roots of a vascular plant as a result of the formation of new cells in the cambium
  • involves the production of wood
40
Q

sepal

A

one of the modified leaves comprising a calyx

41
Q

stamen

A

a microsporophyll of a seed plant; the pollen-producing male organ of a flower that consists of an anther and a filament

42
Q

stigma

A

apical part of the carpel of a flower which receives the pollen grains

43
Q

strobilus

A

the cone of a pine

44
Q

style

A

the elongated part of the carpel bearing a stigma at its apex

45
Q

zygote

A

a cell formed by the union of two gametes- eggs and sperm