plant terms

Question 1

angiosperms

Answer 1

• vascular plants that have the ovules and seeds enclosed in an ovary, form the embryo and endosperm by double fertilization
• also called flowering plant
• produce seeds enclosed in a fruit, which was originally an ovary of the flower

Question 2

anther

Answer 2

the part of a stamen that produces and contains pollen and is usually borne on a filament

Question 3

archegonium

Answer 3

gametangium that produces an egg

Question 4

calyx

Answer 4

the usually green outer whorl of a flower consisting of separate or fused sepals

Question 5

carpel

Answer 5

the ovule-bearing structures in an angiosperm differentiated into an ovary, style, and stigma, the innermost whorl of a flower

Question 6

double fertilization

Answer 6

fertilization characteristic of angiosperms in which one sperm nucleus fuses with the egg nucleus to form an embryo and another fuses with polar nuclei to form endosperm

Question 7

embryo

Answer 7

the young sporophyte of a seed plant usually comprising a rudimentary plant developing within a seed

Question 8

endosperm

Answer 8

a nutritive tissue in seed plants formed within the embryo sac by division of the endosperm nucleus

Question 9

fertilization

Answer 9

an act or process of fecundation, insemination, or pollination, the process of union of two gametes

Question 10

Filament

Answer 10

the anther-bearing stalk of a stamen

Question 11

fruit

Answer 11

the usually edible reproductive body of a seed plant, a mature ovary

Question 12

Gymnosperms

Answer 12

a group of vascular plants that produce naked seeds not enclosed in an ovary

Question 13

Heterosporous

Answer 13

• the production of microspores and megaspores, as in seed plants
• the production of two different types of spores

Question 14

Homosporous

Answer 14

the production by various plants (such as the club mosses and horsetails) of spores of only one kind

Question 15

Indeterminate growth

Answer 15

plant growth in which the main stem continues to elongate indefinitely without being limited

Question 16

megagametophyte

Answer 16

the female gametophyte produced by a megaspore

Question 17

megasporangia

Answer 17

a sporangium that contains megaspores

Question 18

megaspores

Answer 18

a spore in heterosporous plants giving rise to female gametophytes and usually larger than a microspore

Question 19

Megasporocyte

Answer 19

megaspore mother cell that divides by meiosis to produce a megaspore

Question 20

Microgametophyte

Answer 20

pollen, the male gametophyte produced by a microspore

Question 21

Microsporangia

Answer 21

a sporangium that contains only microspores

Question 22

Microspores

Answer 22

haploid spores in heterosporous plants arising from meiotic division of the microsporocytes in microsporangia and give rise to male gametophytes

Question 23

Microsporocyte

Answer 23

a microspore mother cell giving rise to microspores after meiosis

Question 24

Nucellus

Answer 24

the central and chief part of a plant ovule that encloses the female gametophyte

Question 25

Ovary

Answer 25

• enlarged basal portion of the carpel, the female organ of a flower
• the ovary contains ovules which develop into seeds upon fertilization
• the ovary matures into the fruit as seeds develop

Question 26

Ovules

Answer 26

• compartments in the ovary within which eggs develop and are fertilized
• the ovules will develop into the outside covering of the seed

Question 27

Ovulate cone

Answer 27

female pine cone

Question 28

petals

Answer 28

one of the modified, often brightly colored leaves of the corolla of a flower

Question 29

pollen cone

Answer 29

male pine cone

Question 30

pollen grain

Answer 30

• the male gametophyte of a seed plant, produced by mitotic divisions of the haploid microspores
• can be transferred to the female gametophyte before sperm cells are produce
• no need for water for sperm to reach the egg

Question 31

pollen tube

Answer 31

a tube that is formed by a pollen grain and conveys the sperm nuclei to the embryo sac of an angiosperm or the archegonium of a gymnosperm

Question 32

pollination

Answer 32

the transfer of pollen from an anther to the stigma in angiosperms or from the microsporangium to the micropyle in gymnosperms

Question 33

primary growth

Answer 33

vertical growth of plants in roots and shoots (the apical meristems) as a result of cell division, lengthening stems so that plants grow taller, enabling leaves to reach sunlight

Question 34

receptacle

Answer 34

the end of the flower stalk upon which the floral organs are borne. Where modified leaves of the flower are attached together

Question 35

scale

Answer 35

modified leaves or perhaps modified branches of the male or female pine cone

Question 36

seedling

Answer 36

a young plant, especially one raised from seed and not from a cutting

Question 37

seed coat

Answer 37

the outer tissues of the ovule that harden, covering and protecting a seed

Question 38

seeds

Answer 38

the fertilized ripened ovule of a flowering plant containing an embryo and capable normally of germination to produce a new plant

Question 39

secondary growth

Answer 39

• an increase in the thickness of the shoots and roots of a vascular plant as a result of the formation of new cells in the cambium
• involves the production of wood

Question 40

sepal

Answer 40

one of the modified leaves comprising a calyx

Question 41

stamen

Answer 41

a microsporophyll of a seed plant; the pollen-producing male organ of a flower that consists of an anther and a filament

Question 42

stigma

Answer 42

apical part of the carpel of a flower which receives the pollen grains

Question 43

strobilus

Answer 43

the cone of a pine

Question 44

style

Answer 44

the elongated part of the carpel bearing a stigma at its apex

Question 45

zygote

Answer 45

a cell formed by the union of two gametes- eggs and sperm